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Organic Amendments and Reduced Tillage Accelerate Harvestable C Biomass and Soil C Sequestration in Rice–Wheat Rotation in a Semi-Arid Environment

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Shaukat

    (Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan)

  • Ashfaq Ahmad

    (Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan)

  • Tasneem Khaliq

    (Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan)

  • Aaron Kinyu Hoshide

    (College of Natural Sciences, Forestry and Agriculture, The University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
    AgriSciences, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Caixa Postal 729, Sinop 78550-970, Brazil)

  • Daniel C. de Abreu

    (AgriSciences, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Caixa Postal 729, Sinop 78550-970, Brazil
    Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78557-287, Brazil)

Abstract

Rice–wheat crop rotations have high carbon fluxes. A 2-year field study in Punjab, Pakistan quantified impacts of different nutrient management on harvestable carbon biomass, crop-derived C, soil organic C sequestration (SCS), and decomposition. Treatments included different combinations of mineral fertilizer, animal manure (20 Mg ha −1 ), and incorporated crop residue in a split-plot design under conventional tillage (CT) and reduced tillage (RT). Combined use of mineral fertilizer and manure resulted in (1) 12.56% to 53.31% more harvestable C biomass compared to use of fertilizer and manure alone and (2) 18.27% to 60.72% more crop-derived C inputs relative to using only fertilizer or manure across both tillage practices. Combined fertilizer/manure treatments also significantly enhanced SCS relative to using fertilizer alone. Using only manure increased SCS by 63.25% compared with fertilizer alone across both tillage practices. The relationship between SCS and C inputs indicated high humification (14.50%) and decomposition rates (0.46 Mg ha −1 year −1 ) under CT compared to RT at 0–15 cm soil depth. At 15–30 cm soil depth, rates of humification (10.7%) and decomposition (0.06 Mg ha −1 year −1 ) were lower for CT compared to RT. Combined manure/fertilizer treatments could induce high C sequestration and harvestable C biomass with reduced decomposition in rice–wheat rotations.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Shaukat & Ashfaq Ahmad & Tasneem Khaliq & Aaron Kinyu Hoshide & Daniel C. de Abreu, 2023. "Organic Amendments and Reduced Tillage Accelerate Harvestable C Biomass and Soil C Sequestration in Rice–Wheat Rotation in a Semi-Arid Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-20, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:8:p:6415-:d:1119476
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Santosh Korav & Gandhamanagenahalli A. Rajanna & Dharam Bir Yadav & Venkatesh Paramesha & Chandra Mohan Mehta & Prakash Kumar Jha & Surendra Singh & Shikha Singh, 2022. "Impacts of Mechanized Crop Residue Management on Rice-Wheat Cropping System—A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-19, November.
    2. Kit Wayne Chew & Shir Reen Chia & Hong-Wei Yen & Saifuddin Nomanbhay & Yeek-Chia Ho & Pau Loke Show, 2019. "Transformation of Biomass Waste into Sustainable Organic Fertilizers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-19, April.
    3. Márcio R. Nunes & Douglas L. Karlen & Thomas B. Moorman, 2020. "Tillage Intensity Effects on Soil Structure Indicators—A US Meta-Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-17, March.
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