Research on Biomass Waste Utilization Based on Pollution Reduction and Carbon Sequestration

Biomass waste in agricultural and forestry production has low value, large volume, disordered texture, high water content, and high recycling costs, disturbing its biomass waste treatment. In terms of mainstream treatment methods, incineration directly releases carbon dioxide, dust, and other pollutants, while landfills produce carbon dioxide and methane with stronger greenhouse effects. In response to this problem—taking pollution reduction, carbon sequestration, and the resource utilization of biomass waste as the purpose—a mode of in-situ, harmlessness, homogenization, reduction, automation, inorganic transformation, resource utilization, and carbon sequestration is proposed, which reduces recycling costs and improves economic efficiency and operability with carbonization as the key technique. The carbonization mechanism of biomass waste was first investigated using TGA analysis to obtain the key technical parameters of in-situ carbonization, and then biomass carbonization was divided into two stages: in-situ carbonization and factory carbonization. Thus, a process is constructed for in-situ crushing, carbonization, screening, and recycling, which promotes the recovery efficiency of biomass waste, including domestic waste. Moreover, on the basis of massive experiments, a carbon-based material was invented where, through wide applications in architecture, huge carbon can be stored in building materials; thus, a novel method of biomass waste resource utilization, carbon sequestration, and artificial carbon pool construction was established. Among them, with the convenient collection of biomass waste as the premise, the economic and reasonable carbonization process is a pivotal step to guarantee the wide application of carbon-based materials, and pollution reduction and carbon sequestration are the final purposes. This novel mode is conducive to saving resources and realizing carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals with significant economic, ecological, and social benefits. The novelty lies in five aspects. Firstly, differing from current research on pollution reduction, carbon reduction, and carbon balance, further research on carbon sequestration was proposed. Secondly, the feasibility of reducing re-emission through carbon transfer was demonstrated. Thirdly, in-situ carbonization to recycle biomass waste was constructed. Fourthly, through carbonization, the inorganic transformation of biomass waste avoided carbon re-emission, especially methane emissions. Last but not the least, carbonization products achieved carbon sequestration and constructed an artificial carbon pool.