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Optimal Design of Hybrid Renewable Systems, Including Grid, PV, Bio Generator, Diesel Generator, and Battery

Author

Listed:
  • Meisheng He

    (School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Hunan Institute of Traffic Engineering, Hengyang 421001, China)

  • Habib Forootan Fard

    (Department of Renewable Energies, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran)

  • Khalid Yahya

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nisantasi University, Istanbul 34467, Turkey)

  • Mahmoud Mohamed

    (School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK)

  • Ibrahim Alhamrouni

    (British Malaysian Institute, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur 50250, Malaysia)

  • Lilik Jamilatul Awalin

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia)

Abstract

Renewable energies are the best solutions to reduce CO 2 emissions and supply reliable electricity. This study aims to find the best combination of various components considering economic, environmental, and technical factors together. The most important consideration factors are the limitation of using PV panels due to the land constraints and applying CO 2 penalties where diesel generators and the grid are generating electricity. Findings show that providing electricity by hybrid systems would be useful even in the well-provided electricity regions by the grid with the least blackouts. The best combination of the proposed components, including PV, bio generator, diesel generator, batteries, and grid for the case study region where the load demand is 890 kWh/day and peak load is 167.2 kW, would be an off-grid hybrid system including PV, bio generator, diesel generator, and battery. The optimization results show an NPC (present value of the costs of investment and operation of a system over its lifetime) of $1.02 million and a COE (the average cost per capital of useful electricity produced by the system) of 0.188 $/kWh. Finally, due to the showing of the effect of different conditions on the optimization results and making the study usable for other circumstances of the case study region, some sensitivity analyses have been carried out.

Suggested Citation

  • Meisheng He & Habib Forootan Fard & Khalid Yahya & Mahmoud Mohamed & Ibrahim Alhamrouni & Lilik Jamilatul Awalin, 2023. "Optimal Design of Hybrid Renewable Systems, Including Grid, PV, Bio Generator, Diesel Generator, and Battery," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-16, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:3297-:d:1064930
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Satya Widya Yudha & Benny Tjahjono, 2019. "Stakeholder Mapping and Analysis of the Renewable Energy Industry in Indonesia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-19, February.
    2. Tamjid Shabestari, Sara & Kasaeian, Alibakhsh & Vaziri Rad, Mohammad Amin & Forootan Fard, Habib & Yan, Wei-Mon & Pourfayaz, Fathollah, 2022. "Techno-financial evaluation of a hybrid renewable solution for supplying the predicted power outages by machine learning methods in rural areas," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 1303-1325.
    3. Handrea Bernando Tambunan & Dzikri Firmansyah Hakam & Iswan Prahastono & Anita Pharmatrisanti & Andreas Putro Purnomoadi & Siti Aisyah & Yonny Wicaksono & I Gede Ryan Sandy, 2020. "The Challenges and Opportunities of Renewable Energy Source (RES) Penetration in Indonesia: Case Study of Java-Bali Power System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-22, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mohana Alanazi & Hani Attar & Ayman Amer & Ayesha Amjad & Mahmoud Mohamed & Mohammed Sh. Majid & Khalid Yahya & Mohamed Salem, 2023. "A Comprehensive Study on the Performance of Various Tracker Systems in Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems, Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-28, July.
    2. Ahmed S. Menesy & Hamdy M. Sultan & Ibrahim O. Habiballah & Hasan Masrur & Kaisar R. Khan & Muhammad Khalid, 2023. "Optimal Configuration of a Hybrid Photovoltaic/Wind Turbine/Biomass/Hydro-Pumped Storage-Based Energy System Using a Heap-Based Optimization Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-26, April.

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    Keywords

    solar; bio; diesel; hybrid; renewable; energy; CO 2;
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