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Climate Change Impacts on UNESCO World Heritage-Listed Cultural Properties in the Asia–Pacific Region: A Systematic Review of State of Conservation Reports, 1979–2021

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  • Ky Nam Nguyen

    (School of Humanities, Languages, and Social Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
    Faculty of History, VNU University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

  • Sarah Baker

    (School of Humanities, Languages, and Social Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia)

Abstract

Utilising the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 Statement, this article examines 51 UNESCO state of conservation reports from 1979–2021 to explore the impacts of climate change hazards on UNESCO World Heritage-listed cultural properties in the Asia–Pacific region. This article provides a list of the cultural properties impacted by climate change hazards, the types of hazards experienced and their resulting impacts, the kind of conservation responses, challenges to the implementation of the suggested actions, and recommendations for future safeguarding against climate change threats. The article highlights that a negligible number of cultural properties affected by climate change hazards have been monitored and managed by UNESCO, with a much larger proportion of cultural properties facing conservation challenges related to climate change currently going unnoticed by the State of Conservation Information System. Specifically, the review of the state of conservation reports illustrates a very real challenge for understanding climate threats impacting the cultural properties of the Pacific States Parties. While this article confirms the value of the State of Conservation Information System, it also demonstrates that weaknesses remain in its capacity to deliver systematic climate impact analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Ky Nam Nguyen & Sarah Baker, 2023. "Climate Change Impacts on UNESCO World Heritage-Listed Cultural Properties in the Asia–Pacific Region: A Systematic Review of State of Conservation Reports, 1979–2021," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-20, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:19:p:14141-:d:1246812
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Franziska Wolf & Walter Leal Filho & Priyatma Singh & Nicolai Scherle & Dirk Reiser & John Telesford & Ivana Božić Miljković & Peni Hausia Havea & Chunlan Li & Dinesh Surroop & Marina Kovaleva, 2021. "Influences of Climate Change on Tourism Development in Small Pacific Island States," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-22, April.
    3. Sandra Fatorić & Erin Seekamp, 2017. "Are cultural heritage and resources threatened by climate change? A systematic literature review," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 142(1), pages 227-254, May.
    4. Hsien-Tang Tsai & Cheng-Jui Tseng & Shian-Yang Tzeng & Tung-Ju Wu & Jen-der Day, 2012. "The impacts of natural hazards on Taiwan’s tourism industry," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 62(1), pages 83-91, May.
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