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Scope of the Literature on Efforts to Reduce the Carbon Footprint of Seaports

Author

Listed:
  • Seyed Behbood Issa Zadeh

    (Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • José Santos López Gutiérrez

    (Environment, Coast and Ocean Research Laboratory-ECOREL, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • M. Dolores Esteban

    (Environment, Coast and Ocean Research Laboratory-ECOREL, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Gonzalo Fernández-Sánchez

    (Civil Engineering Department, Universidad Europea, 28005 Madrid, Spain)

  • Claudia Lizette Garay-Rondero

    (Institute for the Future of Education, School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico)

Abstract

Seaport activities account for 3% of global carbon emissions, and as an important industrialised economic centre, ports engage in numerous industrial and financial activities that could increase their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and carbon footprints (CF). The 13th sustainable development goal (SDG) states that these activities must be balanced with environmental considerations. Therefore, as critical marine infrastructure, seaports need CF reduction initiatives. This scoping review covers important ideas and ways to reduce the CF in seaports to simplify future policymaking. These approaches include energy management systems, equipment and infrastructures, and carbon emission policies and laws specific to ports. Relevant literature is classified, evaluated, and discussed. The findings are interpreted and discussed based on the current state of ports around the world, using statistical data to demonstrate that there are sufficient regulations and standards in place, but that more work is needed to replace conventional systems with intelligent ones and fossil fuels with renewable energy. Finally, the scoping review results, and scientific interpretations, thoughts, proposals, and recommendations are presented as references for related studies in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Seyed Behbood Issa Zadeh & José Santos López Gutiérrez & M. Dolores Esteban & Gonzalo Fernández-Sánchez & Claudia Lizette Garay-Rondero, 2023. "Scope of the Literature on Efforts to Reduce the Carbon Footprint of Seaports," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-24, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:11:p:8558-:d:1155156
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhang, Yue & Liang, Chengji & Shi, Jian & Lim, Gino & Wu, Yiwei, 2022. "Optimal Port Microgrid Scheduling Incorporating Onshore Power Supply and Berth Allocation Under Uncertainty," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
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    1. Hamid Reza Soltani Motlagh & Seyed Behbood Issa Zadeh & Claudia Lizette Garay-Rondero, 2023. "Towards International Maritime Organization Carbon Targets: A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Analysis for Sustainable Container Shipping," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-22, December.

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