IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i10p7826-d1143682.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Energy Consumption and Energy Saving Analysis of Air-Conditioning Systems of Data Centers in Typical Cities in China

Author

Listed:
  • Tiezhu Sun

    (Hualan Design & Consulting Group, Nanning 530011, China
    School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
    School of Urban Planning and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710660, China)

  • Xiaojun Huang

    (Hualan Design & Consulting Group, Nanning 530011, China)

  • Caihang Liang

    (School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China)

  • Riming Liu

    (Hualan Design & Consulting Group, Nanning 530011, China)

  • Yongcheng Yan

    (School of Urban Planning and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710660, China)

Abstract

The energy consumption status and energy saving potential of the air-conditioning systems of data centers in seven typical cities in China (Xinjiang, Beijing, Jinan, Shanghai, Nanning, Guilin, and Haikou), representing diverse climate regions, were studied. The power usage effectiveness (PUE) and cooling load factor (CLF) were taken as the evaluation indicators. First, the energy consumption situations of the existing air-conditioning systems were analyzed using an internship survey. Second, the meteorological data throughout the year for the seven cities were statistically analyzed. Then, two energy saving renovation schemes were proposed. The operating hours under different operating modes in the seven cities were calculated, and the PUE and energy saving potential of the two energy saving schemes were evaluated by taking the production of 15 °C chilled water as an example. This study provides an overall picture of the energy utilization status in the current Chinese data center market and provides solutions for improving the design of air-conditioning systems, with energy saving benefits.

Suggested Citation

  • Tiezhu Sun & Xiaojun Huang & Caihang Liang & Riming Liu & Yongcheng Yan, 2023. "Energy Consumption and Energy Saving Analysis of Air-Conditioning Systems of Data Centers in Typical Cities in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-15, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:10:p:7826-:d:1143682
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/10/7826/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/10/7826/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Borkowski, Mateusz & Piłat, Adam Krzysztof, 2022. "Customized data center cooling system operating at significant outdoor temperature fluctuations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PB).
    2. Kandasamy, Ranjith & Ho, Jin Yao & Liu, Pengfei & Wong, Teck Neng & Toh, Kok Chuan & Chua, Sunshine Jr, 2022. "Two-phase spray cooling for high ambient temperature data centers: Evaluation of system performance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    3. Sijun Xu & Hua Zhang & Zilong Wang, 2023. "Thermal Management and Energy Consumption in Air, Liquid, and Free Cooling Systems for Data Centers: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-25, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tianshi Zhang & Ziming Mo & Xiaoyu Xu & Xiaoyan Liu & Haopeng Chen & Zhiwu Han & Yuying Yan & Yingai Jin, 2022. "Advanced Study of Spray Cooling: From Theories to Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-40, December.
    2. Ye, Guisen & Gao, Feng & Fang, Jingyang, 2022. "A mission-driven two-step virtual machine commitment for energy saving of modern data centers through UPS and server coordinated optimizations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    3. Xiaofei Huang & Junwei Yan & Xuan Zhou & Yixin Wu & Shichen Hu, 2023. "Cooling Technologies for Internet Data Center in China: Principle, Energy Efficiency, and Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-31, October.
    4. Aili, Ablimit & Long, Wenjun & Cao, Zhiwei & Wen, Yonggang, 2024. "Radiative free cooling for energy and water saving in data centers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 359(C).
    5. Sijun Xu & Hua Zhang & Zilong Wang, 2023. "Thermal Management and Energy Consumption in Air, Liquid, and Free Cooling Systems for Data Centers: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-25, January.
    6. Liu, Pengfei & Kandasamy, Ranjith & Ho, Jin Yao & Wong, Teck Neng & Toh, Kok Chuan, 2023. "Dynamic performance analysis and thermal modelling of a novel two-phase spray cooled rack system for data center cooling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    7. Teresa Murino & Roberto Monaco & Per Sieverts Nielsen & Xiufeng Liu & Gianluigi Esposito & Carlo Scognamiglio, 2023. "Sustainable Energy Data Centres: A Holistic Conceptual Framework for Design and Operations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-14, August.
    8. Mao, Yufeng & Zhong, Mingliang & Wang, Ji X., 2023. "Dimensionless study of phase-change-based thermal protection for pulsed electromagnetic machines: Towards heat absorption-dissipation matching," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 352(C).
    9. Jing Yin & Shangming Wang & Xuehao Sang & Zhifu Zhou & Bin Chen & Panidis Thrassos & Alexandros Romeos & Athanasios Giannadakis, 2022. "Spray Cooling as a High-Efficient Thermal Management Solution: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-29, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:10:p:7826-:d:1143682. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.