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Drought Analysis Based on Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index and Standardized Precipitation Index in Sarawak, Malaysia

Author

Listed:
  • Ismallianto Isia

    (Environment Engineering Program, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, Miri 98009, Sarawak, Malaysia)

  • Tony Hadibarata

    (Environment Engineering Program, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, Miri 98009, Sarawak, Malaysia)

  • Muhammad Noor Hazwan Jusoh

    (Environment Engineering Program, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, Miri 98009, Sarawak, Malaysia)

  • Rajib Kumar Bhattacharjya

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India)

  • Noor Fifinatasha Shahedan

    (Environment Engineering Program, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, Miri 98009, Sarawak, Malaysia)

  • Aissa Bouaissi

    (United Kingdom School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK)

  • Norma Latif Fitriyani

    (Department of Data Science, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea)

  • Muhammad Syafrudin

    (Department of Artificial Intelligence, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

Drought analysis via the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) is necessary for effective water resource management in Sarawak, Malaysia. Rainfall is the best indicator of a drought, but the temperature is also significant because it controls evaporation and condensation. This study examined drought periods in the state of Sarawak using the SPI and SPEI based on monthly precipitation and temperature data from thirty-three rainfall stations during a forty-year period (1981–2020). This analysis of drought conditions revealed that both the SPI and SPEI were able to detect drought temporal variations with distinct time scales (3, 6, 9, and 12 months). Taking precipitation and evapotranspiration data into account, the SPEI was able to identify more severe-to-extreme drought in the study area over longer time periods and moderate droughts over shorter time periods than the standard drought index. According to Pearson correlation coefficients, a substantial association existed between the SPI and SPEI during hydrological dryness. Based on the results, the temperature is a decisive factor in drought classification, and the SPI should only be used in the absence of temperature data.

Suggested Citation

  • Ismallianto Isia & Tony Hadibarata & Muhammad Noor Hazwan Jusoh & Rajib Kumar Bhattacharjya & Noor Fifinatasha Shahedan & Aissa Bouaissi & Norma Latif Fitriyani & Muhammad Syafrudin, 2022. "Drought Analysis Based on Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index and Standardized Precipitation Index in Sarawak, Malaysia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2022:i:1:p:734-:d:1021682
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ismallianto Isia & Tony Hadibarata & Muhammad Noor Hazwan Jusoh & Rajib Kumar Bhattacharjya & Noor Fifinatasha Shahedan & Norma Latif Fitriyani & Muhammad Syafrudin, 2023. "Identifying Factors to Develop and Validate Social Vulnerability to Floods in Malaysia: A Systematic Review Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-21, August.

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