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Modeling and Optimization of Energy and Exergy Parameters of a Hybrid-Solar Dryer for Basil Leaf Drying Using RSM

Author

Listed:
  • Zahra Parhizi

    (Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran)

  • Hamed Karami

    (Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran)

  • Iman Golpour

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Urmia University, Urmia 57561-51818, Iran)

  • Mohammad Kaveh

    (Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, Knowledge University, Erbil 44001, Iraq)

  • Mariusz Szymanek

    (Department of Agricultural, Forest and Transport Machinery, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland)

  • Ana M. Blanco-Marigorta

    (Department of Process Engineering, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain)

  • José Daniel Marcos

    (Department of Energy Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Esmail Khalife

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Erbil 44001, Iraq)

  • Stanisław Skowron

    (Department of Strategy and Business Planning, Faculty of Management, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland)

  • Nashwan Adnan Othman

    (Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Knowledge University, Erbil 44001, Iraq)

  • Yousef Darvishi

    (Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11365-4117, Iran)

Abstract

This study deals with the optimization of energetic and exergetic parameters of a hybrid-solar dryer to dry basil leaves under determined experimental conditions at three air temperatures (40 °C, 55 °C, and 70 °C) and three bed thickness levels (2, 4, and 6 cm). The optimization of the thermodynamic parameters was performed using the response surface method (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) and the desirability function (DF) to maximize the drying rate, exergy efficiency, improvement potential rate and the sustainability index, and to minimize the energy utilization, energy utilization ratio and exergy loss rate. These parameters were calculated on the basis of the first and second laws of thermodynamics as the response variables. Based on the results obtained, it was determined that the optimal conditions for basil drying were at a drying air temperature of 63.8 °C and a bed thickness of 2 cm. At this point, the parameters of the drying rate, energy utilization, energy utilization ratio, exergy efficiency, exergy loss rate, improvement potential rate and sustainability index were obtained with the maximum utility function (D = 0.548) as 0.27, 0.019 (kJ/s), 0.23, 65.75%, 0.016 (kJ/s), 1.10 (kJ/s) and 0.015, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Zahra Parhizi & Hamed Karami & Iman Golpour & Mohammad Kaveh & Mariusz Szymanek & Ana M. Blanco-Marigorta & José Daniel Marcos & Esmail Khalife & Stanisław Skowron & Nashwan Adnan Othman & Yousef Darv, 2022. "Modeling and Optimization of Energy and Exergy Parameters of a Hybrid-Solar Dryer for Basil Leaf Drying Using RSM," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-27, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:14:p:8839-:d:866427
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Abiodun A. Okunola & Timothy A. Adekanye & Clinton E. Okonkwo & Mohammad Kaveh & Mariusz Szymanek & Endurance O. Idahosa & Adeniyi T. Olayanju & Krystyna Wojciechowska, 2023. "Drying Characteristics, Kinetic Modeling, Energy and Exergy Analyses of Water Yam ( Dioscorea alata ) in a Hot Air Dryer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-21, February.
    2. Iman Golpour & Mohammad Kaveh & Ana M. Blanco-Marigorta & José Daniel Marcos & Raquel P. F. Guiné & Reza Amiri Chayjan & Esmail Khalife & Hamed Karami, 2022. "Multi-Response Design Optimisation of a Combined Fluidised Bed-Infrared Dryer for Terebinth ( Pistacia atlantica L.) Fruit Drying Process Based on Energy and Exergy Assessments by Applying RSM-CCD Mod," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-27, November.
    3. Lin Pan & Sheng Wang & Jiying Wang & Min Xiao & Zhirong Tan, 2022. "Research on Central Air Conditioning Systems and an Intelligent Prediction Model of Building Energy Load," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-31, December.
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    5. Ana Matin & Ivan Brandić & Neven Voća & Nikola Bilandžija & Božidar Matin & Vanja Jurišić & Alan Antonović & Tajana Krička, 2023. "Changes in the Properties of Hazelnut Shells Due to Conduction Drying," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-15, February.

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