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Agronomic Biofortification of Zinc in Rice for Diminishing Malnutrition in South Asia

Author

Listed:
  • Panneerselvam Peramaiyan

    (South Asia Regional Center, International Rice Research Institute, Varanasi 221106, India)

  • Peter Craufurd

    (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Kathmandu 44700, Nepal)

  • Virender Kumar

    (International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños 4031, Philippines)

  • Lavanya P. Seelan

    (South Asia Regional Center, International Rice Research Institute, Varanasi 221106, India)

  • Andrew J. McDonald

    (Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA)

  • Balwinder-Singh

    (Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Northam, WA 6401, Australia)

  • Avinash Kishore

    (South Asia Office, International Food Policy Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India)

  • Sudhanshu Singh

    (South Asia Regional Center, International Rice Research Institute, Varanasi 221106, India)

Abstract

Zinc (Zn) is increasingly recognized as an essential trace element in the human diet that mediates a plethora of health conditions, including immune responses to infectious diseases. Interestingly, the geographical distribution of human dietary Zn deficiency overlaps with soil Zn deficiency. In South Asia, Zn malnutrition is high due to excessive consumption of rice with low Zn content. Interventions such as dietary diversification, food fortification, supplementation, and biofortification are followed to address Zn malnutrition. Among these, Zn biofortification of rice is the most encouraging, cost-effective, and sustainable for South Asia. Biofortification through conventional breeding and transgenic approaches has been achieved in cereals; however, if the soil is deficient in Zn, then these approaches are not advantageous. Therefore, in this article, we review strategies for enhancing the Zn concentration of rice through agronomic biofortification such as timing, dose, and method of Zn fertilizer application, and how nitrogen and phosphorus application as well as crop establishment methods influence Zn concentration in rice. We also propose data-driven Zn recommendations to anticipate crop responses to Zn fertilization and targeted policies that support agronomic biofortification in regions where crop responses to Zn fertilizer are high.

Suggested Citation

  • Panneerselvam Peramaiyan & Peter Craufurd & Virender Kumar & Lavanya P. Seelan & Andrew J. McDonald & Balwinder-Singh & Avinash Kishore & Sudhanshu Singh, 2022. "Agronomic Biofortification of Zinc in Rice for Diminishing Malnutrition in South Asia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-20, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:13:p:7747-:d:847358
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    4. Fishman, Ram & Kishore, Avinash & Rothler, Yoav & Ward, Patrick, 2016. "Can Information Help Reduce Imbalanced Application of Fertilizers in India? Experimental Evidence from Bihar," 2016 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Boston, Massachusetts 235705, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
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