IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i9p4772-d542532.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Characteristics of Models of Farms in the European Union

Author

Listed:
  • Hanna Klikocka

    (Department of Economics and Agribusiness, University of Life Science in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland)

  • Aneta Zakrzewska

    (Department of Economics and Agribusiness, University of Life Science in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland)

  • Piotr Chojnacki

    (Department of Economics and Agribusiness, University of Life Science in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland)

Abstract

The article describes and sets the definition of different farm models under the categories of being family, small, and large-scale commercial farms. The distinction was based on the structure of the workforce and the relationship between agricultural income and the minimum wage. Family farms were dominated by the farming family providing the labour and their income per capita exceeded the net minimum wage in the country. The larger commercial farms feature a predominance of hired labour. Based on surveys, it was found that in 2016 in the EU-28 there were 10,467,000 farms (EU-13—57.3%, EU-15—42.7%). They carried out agricultural activities on an area of 173,338,000 ha (EU-13—28.5%, EU-15—71.5%). Countries of the EU-28 generated a standard output (SO) amounting to EUR 364,118,827,100 (EU-13—17.2% and EU-15—82.8%). After the delimitation, it was shown that small farming (70.8%) was the predominant form of management in the European Union (EU-13—88.2% and EU-15—79.8%) compared to family farming (18.4%) (EU-13—10.5% and EU-15—29%). In most EU countries the largest share of land resources pertains to small farms (35.6%) and family farms (38.6%) (UAA—utilised agricultural area of farms).

Suggested Citation

  • Hanna Klikocka & Aneta Zakrzewska & Piotr Chojnacki, 2021. "Characteristics of Models of Farms in the European Union," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-19, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:9:p:4772-:d:542532
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/9/4772/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/9/4772/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Drygas, Mirosław, 2015. "Kryteria Definiowania Gospodarstw Rodzinnych W Wybranych Krajach," Village and Agriculture (Wieś i Rolnictwo), Polish Academy of Sciences (IRWiR PAN), Institute of Rural and Agricultural Development, vol. 1(166.1).
    2. Hanna Klikocka, 2019. "Assumptions and Implementation of Smart Growth and Inclusive Growth Targets under the Europe 2020 Strategy," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(2), pages 199-217.
    3. Garner, Elisabeth & de la O Campos, Ana Paula, 2014. "Identifying the family farm. An informal discussion of the concepts and definitions," ESA Working Papers 288978, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Agricultural Development Economics Division (ESA).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Simon Pröll & Heidelinde Grüneis & Franz Sinabell, 2022. "Market Concentration, Producer Organizations, and Policy Measures to Strengthen the Opportunities of Farmers for Value Addition—Empirical Findings from the Austrian Meat Supply Chain Using a Multi-Met," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-18, February.
    2. Eduard Alexandru Dumitru & Cristina Maria Sterie & Steliana Rodino & Marian Butu, 2023. "Consumer Preferences in the Purchase of Agri-Food Products: Implications for the Development of Family Farms," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-22, July.
    3. Oana Coca & Diana Creangă & Ștefan Viziteu & Ioan Sebastian Brumă & Gavril Ștefan, 2023. "Analysis of the Determinants of Agriculture Performance at the European Union Level," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-23, March.
    4. José A. Gómez‐Limón & Sandra Sánchez‐Cañizares & Amalia Hidalgo‐Fernández & Ana M. Castillo‐Canalejo, 2023. "Profit and viability persistence: Evidence from the Spanish agricultural sector," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(4), pages 1300-1332, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ghinoi, Stefano & Wesz Junior, Valdemar João & Piras, Simone, 2018. "Political debates and agricultural policies: Discourse coalitions behind the creation of Brazil’s Pronaf," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 68-80.
    2. Boza, S. & Mora, M. & Osorio, F. & Munoz, J., 2018. "Family farmer attitudes toward incorporating into the formal economy," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 276960, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    3. Marek Marks & Hanna Klikocka, 2020. "Assumptions and Implementation of Climate and Energy Policy under the Europe 2020 Strategy," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(Special 1), pages 1041-1059.
    4. Sadowski, Arkadiusz & Poczta, Walenty & Szuba-Barańska, Ewelina & Beba, Patrycja, 2015. "Modele gospodarstw rolnych w państwach Unii Europejskiej," Village and Agriculture (Wieś i Rolnictwo), Polish Academy of Sciences (IRWiR PAN), Institute of Rural and Agricultural Development, vol. 3(168).
    5. Ewa Mazur-Wierzbicka, 2022. "Measurement of Progress in the Environmental Area: Poland against the Countries of the European Union," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-27, December.
    6. Izabela Młynarzewska-Borowiec, 2021. "Does Implementation of the Smart Growth Priority Affect Per Capita Income of EU countries?—Empirical Analysis for the Period 2000–2017," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 12(3), pages 1345-1366, September.
    7. Isabel Dinis, 2019. "The Concept of Family Farming in the Portuguese Political Discourse," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-15, July.
    8. Jolita Greblikaite & Vitalija Vanagiene & Zivile Ziukaite, 2017. "Family farms in Lithuania: Problems and challenges," Ekonomia Społeczna/Social Economy, Collegium of Economy and Public Administration, vol. 1, pages 64-71.
    9. Martin Nordin & Sören Höjgård, 2019. "Earnings and Disposable Income of Farmers in Sweden, 1997–2012," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 41(1), pages 153-173, March.
    10. Lorraine A. Holloway & Gemma Catney & Aileen Stockdale & Roy Nelson, 2021. "Sustainable Family Farming Futures: Exploring the Challenges of Family Farm Decision Making through an Emotional Lens of ‘Belonging’," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-20, November.
    11. Zegar, Józef, 2020. "The Perspectives of Family Farms – Continuation," Problems of Agricultural Economics / Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej 311228, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research Institute (IAFE-NRI).
    12. Elisabeth Simelton & Tuan Minh Duong & Ella Houzer, 2021. "When the “Strong Arms” Leave the Farms—Migration, Gender Roles and Risk Reduction in Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-30, April.
    13. repec:lib:000cis:v:8:y:2020:i:1:p:17-29 is not listed on IDEAS
    14. Lowder, Sarah K. & Sánchez, Marco V. & Bertini, Raffaele, 2021. "Which farms feed the world and has farmland become more concentrated?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    15. Castor M. M. Bartolome Ruiz & Marcela Gutiérrez Quevedo, editora & Ángela Marcela Olarte Delgado, editora, 2020. "Cátedra Unesco : derechos humanos y violencia : gobierno y gobernanza : reflexiones para la construcción de políticas públicas desde abajo en torno al desplazamiento forzado en Colombia," Books, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Facultad de Derecho, number 1243, htpr_v3_i.
    16. Lowder, Sarah K. & Skoet, Jakob & Raney, Terri, 2016. "The Number, Size, and Distribution of Farms, Smallholder Farms, and Family Farms Worldwide," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 16-29.
    17. Elena Horská & Marek Petriľák & Peter Šedík & Ľudmila Nagyová, 2020. "Factors Influencing the Sale of Local Products through Short Supply Chains: A Case of Family Dairy Farms in Slovakia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-17, October.
    18. M. Isabel Landaluce-Calvo & Mariola Gozalo-Delgado, 2021. "Proposal for a Dynamic Composite Indicator: Application in a Comparative Analysis of Trends in the EU Member States Towards the Europe 2020 Strategy," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 154(3), pages 1031-1053, April.
    19. Muhammad Kamran & Muhammad Zahid Rafique & Abdul Majeed Nadeem & Sofia Anwar, 2023. "Does Inclusive Growth Contribute Towards Sustainable Development? Evidence from Selected Developing Countries," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 165(2), pages 409-429, January.
    20. Korneliusz Pylak & Tomasz Warowny, 2021. "Related Variety of Regional Smart Specialization Strategies," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(Special 2), pages 534-544.
    21. Hubert Kryszk & Krystyna Kurowska & Renata Marks-Bielska, 2022. "Legal and Socio-Economic Conditions Underlying the Shaping of the Agricultural System in Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-19, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:9:p:4772-:d:542532. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.