IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i5p2635-d508546.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Business Ethics Decision-Making: Examining Partial Reflective Awareness

Author

Listed:
  • Marli Gonan Božac

    (Faculty of Economics and Tourism “Dr. Mijo Mirkovic”, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, 52100 Pula, Croatia)

  • Katarina Kostelić

    (Faculty of Economics and Tourism “Dr. Mijo Mirkovic”, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, 52100 Pula, Croatia)

  • Morena Paulišić

    (Faculty of Economics and Tourism “Dr. Mijo Mirkovic”, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, 52100 Pula, Croatia)

  • Charles G. Smith

    (Department of Business, Accounting, and Economics, Otterbein University, Westerville, OH 43081, USA)

Abstract

The aim of this research was to examine partial reflective awareness in ethical business choices in Croatia. The ethical decision-making is interlinked with sustainable practices, but it is also its prerequisite. Thus, better understanding of business ethics decision-making provides a basis for designing and implementing sustainability in a corporate setting. The research was done on student populations who will soon carry important roles and make important decisions for individuals, organizations, and society. The field research was conducted using Kohlberg’s scenarios. The results reveal that the process of decision-making goes through the lenses of respondents’ own preferred ethics. However, the reflective awareness of respondents’ preferred ethics is skewed and regularities in that deviations point out to the relevance of the context characteristics and arousal factors. In addition, the individuals do not use all available information in the assessment process. The revealed partial reflective awareness contributes to explanation of why people have problems with justifying their choices. As there are many examples of unethical behavior in the environment that remain unpunished, it is necessary to raise awareness of the issue. Improvement in reflective awareness would contribute to more sustainable ethical choices and reveal a possibility of an intervention design within the higher education framework.

Suggested Citation

  • Marli Gonan Božac & Katarina Kostelić & Morena Paulišić & Charles G. Smith, 2021. "Business Ethics Decision-Making: Examining Partial Reflective Awareness," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-27, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:5:p:2635-:d:508546
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/5/2635/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/5/2635/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Katarina Kostelic, 2020. "Guessing the Game: An Individual’s Awareness and Assessment of a Game’s Existence," Games, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-28, March.
    2. Jana Craft, 2013. "A Review of the Empirical Ethical Decision-Making Literature: 2004–2011," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 117(2), pages 221-259, October.
    3. Francesca Gino & Michael I. Norton & Roberto A. Weber, 2016. "Motivated Bayesians: Feeling Moral While Acting Egoistically," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 30(3), pages 189-212, Summer.
    4. Debora Gottardello & Maria del Mar Pàmies, 2019. "Business School Professors’ Perception of Ethics in Education in Europe," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-19, January.
    5. Sima Zach & Miki Ophir, 2020. "Using Simulation to Develop Divergent and Reflective Thinking in Teacher Education," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-13, April.
    6. Benoit Cherré & Zouhair Laarraf & Jonathan Peterson, 2019. "Why is it difficult to be virtuous in business ethics?," Post-Print hal-03497480, HAL.
    7. Gaston Fornes & Abel Monfort & Camelia Ilie & Chun Kwong (Tony) Koo & Guillermo Cardoza, 2019. "Ethics, Responsibility, and Sustainability in MBAs. Understanding the Motivations for the Incorporation of ERS in Less Traditional Markets," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-22, December.
    8. Dolly Chugh & Max Bazerman, 2007. "Bounded awareness: what you fail to see can hurt you," Mind & Society: Cognitive Studies in Economics and Social Sciences, Springer;Fondazione Rosselli, vol. 6(1), pages 1-18, June.
    9. Isabel María Gómez-Barreto & Enrique Merino-Tejedor & José Sánchez-Santamaría, 2020. "University Students’ Perspectives on Reflective Learning: Psychometric Properties of the Eight-Cultural-Forces Scale," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-14, January.
    10. Frank Jan Graaf, 2019. "Ethics and Behavioural Theory: How Do Professionals Assess Their Mental Models?," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 157(4), pages 933-947, July.
    11. Pablo Ruiz-Palomino & Ricardo Martínez-Cañas & Pedro Jiménez-Estévez, 2019. "Are Corporate Social Responsibility Courses Effective? A Longitudinal and Gender-Based Analysis in Undergraduate Students," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-17, October.
    12. Francisco Zamora-Polo & Jesús Sánchez-Martín, 2019. "Teaching for a Better World. Sustainability and Sustainable Development Goals in the Construction of a Change-Maker University," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-15, August.
    13. Vidya Awasthi, 2008. "Managerial Decision-Making on Moral Issues and the Effects of Teaching Ethics," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 78(1), pages 207-223, March.
    14. Bazerman, Max H. & Sezer, Ovul, 2016. "Bounded awareness: Implications for ethical decision making," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 95-105.
    15. Marcel Bassachs & Dolors Cañabate & Teresa Serra & Jordi Colomer, 2020. "Interdisciplinary Cooperative Educational Approaches to Foster Knowledge and Competences for Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-17, October.
    16. Guillermina Tormo-Carbó & Elies Seguí-Mas & Víctor Oltra, 2018. "Business Ethics as a Sustainability Challenge: Higher Education Implications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-17, August.
    17. Mark S. Schwartz, 2016. "Ethical Decision-Making Theory: An Integrated Approach," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 139(4), pages 755-776, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Katarina Kostelić, 2021. "Game Awareness: A Questionnaire," Games, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-39, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Katarina Kostelić, 2021. "Game Awareness: A Questionnaire," Games, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-39, December.
    2. Lim, Weng Marc & O'Connor, Peter & Nair, Sumesh & Soleimani, Samaneh & Rasul, Tareq, 2023. "A foundational theory of ethical decision-making: The case of marketing professionals," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    3. Katarina Kostelić, 2023. "Implications of (un)awareness for decision-making in strategic interaction: another take on the Prisoner’s dilemma," DECISION: Official Journal of the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Springer;Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, vol. 50(2), pages 251-268, June.
    4. Tongyu Meng & Jamie Newth & Christine Woods, 2022. "Ethical Sensemaking in Impact Investing: Reasons and Motives in the Chinese Renewable Energy Sector," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 179(4), pages 1091-1117, September.
    5. Rasim Serdar Kurdoglu & Nüfer Yasin Ateş, 2022. "Arguing to Defeat: Eristic Argumentation and Irrationality in Resolving Moral Concerns," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 175(3), pages 519-535, January.
    6. Rachel Fichter, 2018. "Do the Right Thing! Developing Ethical Behavior in Financial Institutions," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 151(1), pages 69-84, August.
    7. Hengky Latan & Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour & Ana Beatriz Lopes de Sousa Jabbour, 2019. "Ethical Awareness, Ethical Judgment and Whistleblowing: A Moderated Mediation Analysis," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 155(1), pages 289-304, March.
    8. Thushini S. Jayawardena-Willis & Edwina Pio & Peter McGhee, 2021. "The Divine States (brahmaviharas) in Managerial Ethical Decision-Making in Organisations in Sri Lanka: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 168(1), pages 151-171, January.
    9. Rasim Serdar Kurdoglu, 2020. "The Mirage of Procedural Justice and the Primacy of Interactional Justice in Organizations," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 167(3), pages 495-512, December.
    10. Cherise Small & Charlene Lew, 2021. "Mindfulness, Moral Reasoning and Responsibility: Towards Virtue in Ethical Decision-Making," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 169(1), pages 103-117, February.
    11. Friederike Sophie Reck & Denise Fischer & Malte Brettel, 2022. "Ethical Decision-Making in Family Firms: The Role of Employee Identification," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 180(2), pages 651-673, October.
    12. Mai Chi Vu & Nicholas Burton, 2024. "Beyond the Inclusion–Exclusion Binary: Right Mindfulness and Its Implications for Perceived Inclusion and Exclusion in the Workplace," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 191(1), pages 147-165, April.
    13. Mai Chi Vu & Nicholas Burton, 2022. "Bring Your Non-self to Work? The Interaction Between Self-decentralization and Moral Reasoning," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 181(2), pages 427-449, November.
    14. Rahizah Sulaiman & Paul Toulson & David Brougham & Frieder Lempp & Jarrod Haar, 2022. "The Role of Religiosity in Ethical Decision-Making: A Study on Islam and the Malaysian Workplace," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 179(1), pages 297-313, August.
    15. Wernaart, Bart, 2021. "Developing a roadmap for the moral programming of smart technology," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    16. Francisca Castilla-Polo & María Consuelo Ruiz-Rodríguez & Alonso Moreno & Ana Licerán-Gutiérrez & Macario Cámara de la Fuente & Eva Chamorro Rufián & Manuel Cano-Rodríguez, 2020. "Classroom Learning and the Perception of Social Responsibility Amongst Graduate Students of Management Accounting," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-22, August.
    17. Luca Casali, Gian & Perano, Mirko, 2021. "Forty years of research on factors influencing ethical decision making: Establishing a future research agenda," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 614-630.
    18. Katrin Hummel & Dieter Pfaff & Katja Rost, 2018. "Does Economics and Business Education Wash Away Moral Judgment Competence?," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 150(2), pages 559-577, June.
    19. Evelyne Rousselet & Bérangère Brial & Romain Cadario & Amina Béji-Bécheur, 2020. "Moral Intensity, Issue Characteristics, and Ethical Issue Recognition in Sales Situations," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 163(2), pages 347-363, May.
    20. Sarah Bayer & Henner Gimpel & Serkan Sarikaya, 2019. "Bank customers’ decision-making process in choosing between ethical and conventional banking: a survey-based examination," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 89(6), pages 655-697, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:5:p:2635-:d:508546. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.