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Application of Exact and Multi-Heuristic Approaches to a Sustainable Closed Loop Supply Chain Network Design

Author

Listed:
  • Abdul Salam Khan

    (NUST Business School (NBS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44100, Pakistan)

  • Qazi Salman Khalid

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan)

  • Khawar Naeem

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan)

  • Rafiq Ahmad

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada)

  • Razaullah Khan

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, University of Technology, Nowshera 24100, Pakistan)

  • Waqas Saleem

    (Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Institute of Technology, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland)

  • Catalin Iulian Pruncu

    (Design, Manufacturing & Engineering Management, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK)

Abstract

Closed-loop supply chains (CLSC) are gaining popularity due to their efficiency in addressing economic, environmental, and social concerns. An important point to ponder in the distribution of CLSC is that imperfect refrigeration and bad road conditions may result in product non-conformance during the transit and thus such products are to be returned to the supply node. This may hinder the level of customer satisfaction. This paper presents a sustainable closed-loop supply chain framework coupled with cross-docking subject to product non-conformance. A cost model is proposed to investigate the economic and environmental aspects of such systems. The transportation cost is analyzed in terms of total carbon emissions. A set of metaheuristics are administered to solve the model and a novel lower bound is proposed to relax the complexity of the proposed model. The results of different size problems are compared with the branch and bound approach and the proposed lower bound. The results indicate that the proposed research framework, mathematical model, and heuristic schemes can aid the decision-makers in a closed-loop supply chain context.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdul Salam Khan & Qazi Salman Khalid & Khawar Naeem & Rafiq Ahmad & Razaullah Khan & Waqas Saleem & Catalin Iulian Pruncu, 2021. "Application of Exact and Multi-Heuristic Approaches to a Sustainable Closed Loop Supply Chain Network Design," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-25, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:5:p:2433-:d:504837
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    References listed on IDEAS

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