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Applications of Biochar and Modified Biochar in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil: A Descriptive Review

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  • Meina Liang

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
    Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
    Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China)

  • Lin Lu

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China)

  • Huijun He

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
    Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
    Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China)

  • Jingxi Li

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China)

  • Zongqiang Zhu

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
    Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
    Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
    Technical Innovation Center of Mine Geological Environmental Restoration Engineering in Southern Karst Area, Nanning 530022, China)

  • Yinian Zhu

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
    Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
    Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China)

Abstract

Given that the problem of contaminated soil continues to grow, the development of effective control and remediation measures has become imperative, especially for heavy-metal-contaminated soil. Biochar and modified biochar are eco-friendly and cost-effective remediation materials that are widely used in the remediation of contaminated soil. This review provides an overview of the different raw materials used in the preparation of biochar as well as the modification of biochar using various synthesis methods, highlighting their differences and providing recommendations for biochar and modified biochar as applied toward ameliorating pollution in soil contaminated by heavy metals. We also explore the effects of the physicochemical properties of raw materials, pyrolysis temperature, additives, and modification methods on the properties of the resulting biochar and modified biochar, and systematically present the types of soil and operating factors for repair. Moreover, the mechanisms involved in remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil by biochar and modified biochar are outlined in detail, and include adsorption, complexation, precipitation, ion exchange, and electrostatic attractions. Finally, the corresponding monitoring technologies after remediation are illustrated. Future directions for studies on biochar and modified biochar in the remediation of contaminated soil are also proposed to support the development of green environmental protection materials, simple preparation methods, and effective follow-up monitoring techniques.

Suggested Citation

  • Meina Liang & Lin Lu & Huijun He & Jingxi Li & Zongqiang Zhu & Yinian Zhu, 2021. "Applications of Biochar and Modified Biochar in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil: A Descriptive Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:24:p:14041-:d:706416
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Yongping Gao & Xiaojun Li, 2022. "Effects of Bentonite Addition on the Speciation and Mobility of Cu and Ni in Soils from Old Mine Tailings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-10, August.
    2. Shuai Zhang & Haibo Hu & Xiangdong Jia & Xia Wang & Jianyu Chen & Can Cheng & Xichuan Jia & Zhaoming Wu & Li Zhu, 2022. "How Biochar Derived from Pond Cypress ( Taxodium Ascendens ) Evolved with Pyrolysis Temperature and Time and Their End Efficacy Evaluation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-16, September.
    3. Haimei Chen & Haibin Chen & Levente Kardos & Veronika Szabó, 2023. "Application of Biochar for Ion-Adsorption of Rare Earth Contaminated Soil Remediation: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-15, May.
    4. Wei Wei & Yan Song, 2023. "Microbial–Plant Collaborative Remediation of Cd-Contaminated Wastewater and Soil in the Surrounding Area of Nuclear Power Plants and Risk Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-23, July.
    5. Karolina Barčauskaitė & Olga Anne & Ieva Mockevičienė & Regina Repšienė & Gintaras Šiaudinis & Danutė Karčauskienė, 2023. "Determination of Heavy Metals Immobilization by Chemical Fractions in Contaminated Soil Amended with Biochar," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-15, May.
    6. Theodora Bousdra & Sotiria G. Papadimou & Evangelia E. Golia, 2023. "The Use of biochar in the Remediation of Pb , Cd , and Cu -Contaminated Soils. The Impact of biochar Feedstock and Preparation Conditions on Its Remediation Capacity," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-20, January.

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