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Effect of Zero and Minimum Tillage on Cotton Productivity and Soil Characteristics under Different Nitrogen Application Rates

Author

Listed:
  • Niamat Ullah Khan

    (Cotton Research Station, Pakistan Central Cotton Committee, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan)

  • Aftab Ahmad Khan

    (Global Change Impact Study Centre (GCISC), G-8/1, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Arif Goheer

    (Global Change Impact Study Centre (GCISC), G-8/1, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Izwa Shafique

    (Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan)

  • Sadam Hussain

    (College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China)

  • Saddam Hussain

    (Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan)

  • Talha Javed

    (Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
    College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China)

  • Maliha Naz

    (Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan)

  • Rubab Shabbir

    (College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
    Seed Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan)

  • Ali Raza

    (Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China)

  • Faisal Zulfiqar

    (Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan)

  • Freddy Mora-Poblete

    (Institute of Biological Sciences, University of TalcFa, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile)

  • Sunny Ahmar

    (College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China)

  • Qasim Ali

    (Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA)

  • Hayssam M. Ali

    (Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Manzer H. Siddiqui

    (Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Long-term conservation tillage and straw incorporation are reported to improve the soil health, growth, and yield traits of crops; however, little is known regarding the optimal nitrogen (N) supply under conservation tillage with straw incorporation. The present study evaluated the effects of conservation tillage practices (ZTsas: zero tillage plus wheat straw on the soil surface as such, and MTsi: minimum tillage plus wheat straw incorporated) and different N application rates (50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha −1 ) on the yield and quality traits of cotton and soil characteristics in a five-year field experiment. The results showed that ZTsas produced a higher number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed cotton yield, 100-seed weight, ginning out-turn (GOT), fiber length, and strength than MTsi. Among different N application rates, the maximum number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed cotton yield, GOT, 100-seed weight, fiber length, strength, and micronaire were recorded at 150 kg N ha −1 . Averaged over the years, tillage × N revealed that ZTsas had a higher boll number plant −1 , boll weight, 100-seed weight, GOT, fiber length, and strength with N application at 150 kg ha −1 , as compared to other tillage systems. Based on the statistical results, there is no significant difference in total soil N and soil organic matter among different N rates. Further, compared to MTsi, ZTsas recorded higher soil organic matter (SOM, 8%), total soil N (TSN, 29%), water-stable aggregates (WSA, 8%), and mean weight diameter (MWD, 28.5%), particularly when the N application of 150 kg ha −1 . The fiber fineness showed that ZTsas had no adverse impact on fiber fineness compared with MTsi. These results indicate that ZTsas with 150 kg N ha −1 may be the optimum and most sustainable approach to improve cotton yield and soil quality in the wheat–cotton system.

Suggested Citation

  • Niamat Ullah Khan & Aftab Ahmad Khan & Muhammad Arif Goheer & Izwa Shafique & Sadam Hussain & Saddam Hussain & Talha Javed & Maliha Naz & Rubab Shabbir & Ali Raza & Faisal Zulfiqar & Freddy Mora-Poble, 2021. "Effect of Zero and Minimum Tillage on Cotton Productivity and Soil Characteristics under Different Nitrogen Application Rates," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:24:p:13753-:d:701406
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    4. Irfan Afzal & Talha Javed & Masoume Amirkhani & Alan G. Taylor, 2020. "Modern Seed Technology: Seed Coating Delivery Systems for Enhancing Seed and Crop Performance," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-20, November.
    5. Pravin Kumar & Rajesh Kumar Singh, 2021. "Selection of sustainable solutions for crop residue burning: an environmental issue in northwestern states of India," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 3696-3730, March.
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