IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i24p13546-d697076.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Resilience in Vulnerable Small and New Social Enterprises

Author

Listed:
  • Elizabeth A. M. Searing

    (School of Economic, Political, and Policy Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 77080, USA)

Abstract

The use of financial ratios in predicting financial vulnerability has a large body of literature, but few studies address resilience and the recovery from financial distress. Further, no vulnerability studies specifically address the needs of small and young social enterprises. This study uses over twenty years of panel data to predict which factors signal the future recovery of small and young social enterprises. There is mixed support for hypotheses found in the literature, and though additional equity and revenue diversification is shown to be beneficial, increased surplus ratios carry implications which vary between financial stressors. Even in a sample of small organizations, we find evidence for the liability of smallness. Implications for practitioners, researchers, and policymakers are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Elizabeth A. M. Searing, 2021. "Resilience in Vulnerable Small and New Social Enterprises," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-21, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:24:p:13546-:d:697076
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/24/13546/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/24/13546/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Flannery, Mark J. & Hankins, Kristine Watson, 2013. "Estimating dynamic panel models in corporate finance," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 1-19.
    2. Keating, Elizabeth K. & Fischer, Mary & Gordon, Teresa P. & Greenlee, Janet, 2005. "Assessing Financial Vulnerability in the Nonprofit Sector," Working Paper Series rwp05-002, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government.
    3. Sergio Sparviero, 2019. "The Case for a Socially Oriented Business Model Canvas: The Social Enterprise Model Canvas," Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(2), pages 232-251, May.
    4. Scott Shane & Toby Stuart, 2002. "Organizational Endowments and the Performance of University Start-ups," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 48(1), pages 154-170, January.
    5. Madeline Powell & Alex Gillett & Bob Doherty, 2019. "Sustainability in social enterprise: hybrid organizing in public services," Public Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(2), pages 159-186, February.
    6. Levinthal, D.A. & Fichman, M., 1991. "Honeymoons and the Liability of Adolescence : A New Perspective on Duration Dependence in Social Organizational Relationships," GSIA Working Papers 1991-34, Carnegie Mellon University, Tepper School of Business.
    7. Deakin, Eb, 1972. "Discriminant Analysis Of Predictors Of Business Failure," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 10(1), pages 167-179.
    8. Qian Hu & Naim Kapucu, 2017. "Can Management Practices Make a Difference? Nonprofit Organization Financial Performance during Times of Economic Stress," Journal of Economics and Financial Analysis, Tripal Publishing House, vol. 1(2), pages 71-88.
    9. Howard P. Tuckman & Cyril F. Chang, 1992. "Nonprofit equity: A behavioral model and its policy implications," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 11(1), pages 76-87.
    10. Harrison Teresa D. & Laincz Christopher A, 2008. "Entry and Exit in the Nonprofit Sector," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 8(1), pages 1-42, July.
    11. Germán Osorio-Novela & Alejandro Mungaray-Lagarda & Natanael Ramírez-Angulo, 2021. "Social Enterprise in Mexico, a New Business Classification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-11, August.
    12. Hans Rawhouser & Michael Cummings & Scott L. Newbert, 2019. "Social Impact Measurement: Current Approaches and Future Directions for Social Entrepreneurship Research," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 43(1), pages 82-115, January.
    13. Beaver, Wh, 1966. "Financial Ratios As Predictors Of Failure," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 4, pages 71-111.
    14. Hilla Cohen & Oshrit Kaspi-Baruch & Hagai Katz, 2019. "The social entrepreneur puzzle: the background, personality and motivation of Israeli social entrepreneurs," Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(2), pages 211-231, May.
    15. Paul Gertler & Jennifer Kuan, 2009. "Does It Matter Who Your Buyer Is? The Role of Nonprofit Mission in the Market for Corporate Control of Hospitals," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 52(2), pages 295-306, May.
    16. Marek Hudon & Marc Labie & Patrick Reichert, 2020. "What is a Fair Level of Profit for Social Enterprise? Insights from Microfinance," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 162(3), pages 627-644, March.
    17. Peter Frumkin & Elizabeth K. Keating, 2011. "Diversification Reconsidered: The Risks and Rewards of Revenue Concentration," Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 2(2), pages 151-164, October.
    18. Marek Hudon & Marc Labie & Patrick Reichert, 2017. "What is a fair profit for social enterprise? Insights from microfinance," Working Papers CEB 17-024, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    19. Cordery, Carolyn J. & Sim, Dalice & Baskerville, Rachel F., 2013. "Three models, one goal: Assessing financial vulnerability in New Zealand amateur sports clubs," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 186-199.
    20. Muhammad Akram Naseem & Jun Lin & Ramiz ur Rehman & Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad & Rizwan Ali, 2019. "Moderating role of financial ratios in corporate social responsibility disclosure and firm value," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(4), pages 1-19, April.
    21. Philipp Kruse, 2021. "Exploring International and Inter-Sector Differences of Social Enterprises in the UK and India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-18, May.
    22. Tinkelman, Daniel, 2009. "Unintended consequences of expense ratio guidelines: The Avon breast cancer walks," Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, Elsevier, vol. 28(6), pages 485-494, November.
    23. Ohlson, Ja, 1980. "Financial Ratios And The Probabilistic Prediction Of Bankruptcy," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 18(1), pages 109-131.
    24. Palepu, Krishna G., 1986. "Predicting takeover targets : A methodological and empirical analysis," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 8(1), pages 3-35, March.
    25. Carolyn J. Cordery & Dalice Sim & Rachel F. Baskerville, 2013. "Three models, one goal: Assessing financial vulnerability in New Zealand amateur sports clubs," Sport Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(2), pages 186-199, April.
    26. Core, John E. & Guay, Wayne R. & Verdi, Rodrigo S., 2006. "Agency problems of excess endowment holdings in not-for-profit firms," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(3), pages 307-333, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Reiner, Christian & Grumiller, Jan & Grohs, Hannes, 2022. "Lieferengpässe in Österreich? Globale Warenketten von Medizinprodukten während der COVID-19 Pandemie," Working Papers 69, Austrian Foundation for Development Research (ÖFSE).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Juan Alejandro Gallegos Mardones & Jorge Andrés Moraga Palacios, 2023. "Chilean Universities and Universal Gratuity: Suggestions for a Model to Evaluate the Effects on Financial Vulnerability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-21, June.
    2. García-Gallego, Ana & Mures-Quintana, María-Jesús, 2013. "La muestra de empresas en los modelos de predicción del fracaso: influencia en los resultados de clasificación || The Sample of Firms in Business Failure Prediction Models: Influence on Classification," Revista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa = Journal of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, vol. 15(1), pages 133-150, June.
    3. fernández, María t. Tascón & gutiérrez, Francisco J. Castaño, 2012. "Variables y Modelos Para La Identificación y Predicción Del Fracaso Empresarial: Revisión de La Investigación Empírica Reciente," Revista de Contabilidad - Spanish Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 7-58.
    4. WILLIAM HOPWOOD & JAMES C. McKEOWN & JANE F. MUTCHLER, 1994. "A Reexamination of Auditor versus Model Accuracy within the Context of the Going†Concern Opinion Decision," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 10(2), pages 409-431, March.
    5. Kim, Soo Y. & Upneja, Arun, 2014. "Predicting restaurant financial distress using decision tree and AdaBoosted decision tree models," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 354-362.
    6. Jaroslav Mazanec & Viera Bartosova & Patrik Bohm, 2022. "Logit Model for Estimating Non-Profit Organizations’ Financial Status as a Part of Non-Profit Financial Management," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(13), pages 1-18, June.
    7. Zhou, Fanyin & Fu, Lijun & Li, Zhiyong & Xu, Jiawei, 2022. "The recurrence of financial distress: A survival analysis," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 1100-1115.
    8. Poledrini Simone & Searing Elizabeth A. M. & Montrone Alessandro, 2022. "A Model for Directing and Modulating Public Interventions in Social Enterprises," Nonprofit Policy Forum, De Gruyter, vol. 13(4), pages 307-332, October.
    9. Enrico Supino & Nicola Piras, 2022. "Le performance dei modelli di credit scoring in contesti di forte instabilit? macroeconomica: il ruolo delle Reti Neurali Artificiali," MANAGEMENT CONTROL, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2022(2), pages 41-61.
    10. Lin, Fengyi & Yeh, Ching Chiang & Lee, Meng Yuan, 2013. "A Hybrid Business Failure Prediction Model Using Locally Linear Embedding And Support Vector Machines," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(1), pages 82-97, March.
    11. Lillian Cheung & Amnon Levy, 1998. "An integrative analysis of business bankruptcy in Australia," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 22(2), pages 149-167, June.
    12. Youssef Zizi & Mohamed Oudgou & Abdeslam El Moudden, 2020. "Determinants and Predictors of SMEs’ Financial Failure: A Logistic Regression Approach," Risks, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-21, October.
    13. Catherine Refait, 2004. "La prévision de la faillite fondée sur l’analyse financière de l’entreprise : un état des lieux," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 162(1), pages 129-147.
    14. Balcaen, Sofie & Ooghe, Hubert, 2006. "35 years of studies on business failure: an overview of the classic statistical methodologies and their related problems," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 63-93.
    15. Nicoleta BARBUTA-MISU, 2011. "A Specific Model for Assessing the Financial Performance:Case study on Building Sector Enterprises of Galati County - Romania," Risk in Contemporary Economy, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, pages 318-325.
    16. Amin Jan & Maran Marimuthu & Muhammad Kashif Shad & Haseeb ur-Rehman & Muhammad Zahid & Ahmad Ali Jan, 2019. "Bankruptcy profile of the Islamic and conventional banks in Malaysia: a post-crisis period analysis," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 52(1), pages 67-87, February.
    17. Fayçal Mraihi, 2016. "Distressed Company Prediction Using Logistic Regression: Tunisian’s Case," Quarterly Journal of Business Studies, Research Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 2(1), pages 34-54.
    18. Hu, Yu-Chiang & Ansell, Jake, 2007. "Measuring retail company performance using credit scoring techniques," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 183(3), pages 1595-1606, December.
    19. Mohammad Mahdi Mousavi & Jamal Ouenniche & Kaoru Tone, 2023. "A dynamic performance evaluation of distress prediction models," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(4), pages 756-784, July.
    20. du Jardin, Philippe, 2015. "Bankruptcy prediction using terminal failure processes," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 242(1), pages 286-303.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:24:p:13546-:d:697076. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.