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Education 4.0 in Developing Economies: A Systematic Literature Review of Implementation Barriers and Future Research Agenda

Author

Listed:
  • Emily Costan

    (College of Education at Danao Campus, Cebu Technological University, Danao 6004, Philippines)

  • Gamaliel Gonzales

    (College of Education at Danao Campus, Cebu Technological University, Danao 6004, Philippines
    Educational Research and Resource Center, Cebu Technological University, Danao 6004, Philippines)

  • Roselyn Gonzales

    (College of Education at Danao Campus, Cebu Technological University, Danao 6004, Philippines)

  • Lynne Enriquez

    (College of Education at Danao Campus, Cebu Technological University, Danao 6004, Philippines)

  • Felix Costan

    (College of Education at Danao Campus, Cebu Technological University, Danao 6004, Philippines)

  • Decem Suladay

    (College of Education at Danao Campus, Cebu Technological University, Danao 6004, Philippines)

  • Nadine May Atibing

    (Center for Applied Mathematics and Operations Research, Cebu Technological University, Cebu City 6000, Philippines)

  • Joerabell Lourdes Aro

    (Center for Applied Mathematics and Operations Research, Cebu Technological University, Cebu City 6000, Philippines)

  • Samantha Shane Evangelista

    (Center for Applied Mathematics and Operations Research, Cebu Technological University, Cebu City 6000, Philippines)

  • Fatima Maturan

    (Center for Applied Mathematics and Operations Research, Cebu Technological University, Cebu City 6000, Philippines)

  • Egberto Selerio

    (Center for Applied Mathematics and Operations Research, Cebu Technological University, Cebu City 6000, Philippines)

  • Lanndon Ocampo

    (Center for Applied Mathematics and Operations Research, Cebu Technological University, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
    Department of Industrial Engineering, Cebu Technological University, Cebu City 6000, Philippines)

Abstract

Education 4.0 (EDUC4) was driven by the onset of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) to meet labor market requirements resulting from learning that is customized, flexible, accessible, and skills-based. As the concept of EDUC4 develops popularity in the education and innovation research domains, various challenges about its implementation have emerged, especially in developing economies. Thus, there is a need to investigate the existing barriers to EDUC4 implementation. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, a systematic literature review of journal articles in the Scopus database was conducted. Of the 299 journal articles generated from the initial search on Scopus, 30 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The content analysis yielded 12 barriers which include cybersecurity threat, costly, skills gap of human capital, apprehensive stakeholders, lack of training resources, lack of collaboration, knowledge gap for the customization of curriculum design, insufficient available technologies, health issues, time constraint for material preparation, complexity of learning platforms, and insufficient foundation of basic education. They were then associated with seven themes for better operationalization in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs): (1) human resources, (2) infrastructure, (3) financial, (4) linkages, (5) educational management, (6) learners, and (7) health and environment. Finally, a theoretical predictive model was constructed to present the causal relationships in modeling the problems associated with implementing EDUC4. The insights generated from this work offer both theoretical and practical perspectives for stakeholders of HEIs in the implementation of EDUC4 in developing economies.

Suggested Citation

  • Emily Costan & Gamaliel Gonzales & Roselyn Gonzales & Lynne Enriquez & Felix Costan & Decem Suladay & Nadine May Atibing & Joerabell Lourdes Aro & Samantha Shane Evangelista & Fatima Maturan & Egberto, 2021. "Education 4.0 in Developing Economies: A Systematic Literature Review of Implementation Barriers and Future Research Agenda," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-23, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:22:p:12763-:d:682182
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Carlos Cacciuttolo & Yaneth Vásquez & Deyvis Cano & Fernando Valenzuela, 2023. "Research Thesis for Undergraduate Engineering Programs in the Digitalization Era: Learning Strategies and Responsible Research Conduct Road to a University Education 4.0 Paradigm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-27, July.

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