IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i21p12024-d669022.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Evolution of Green Space under Rapid Urban Expansion in Southeast Asian Cities

Author

Listed:
  • Amal Najihah Muhamad Nor

    (Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia
    School of Energy, Environment and Agrifood, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK)

  • Hasifah Abdul Aziz

    (Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia)

  • Siti Aisyah Nawawi

    (Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia)

  • Rohazaini Muhammad Jamil

    (Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia)

  • Muhamad Azahar Abas

    (Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia)

  • Kamarul Ariffin Hambali

    (Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia)

  • Abdul Hafidz Yusoff

    (Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia)

  • Norfadhilah Ibrahim

    (Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia)

  • Nur Hairunnisa Rafaai

    (Institute for Environment and Development, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Baru Bangi 43600, Malaysia)

  • Ron Corstanje

    (School of Energy, Environment and Agrifood, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK)

  • Jim Harris

    (School of Energy, Environment and Agrifood, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK)

  • Darren Grafius

    (School of Energy, Environment and Agrifood, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK)

  • Humberto L. Perotto-Baldivieso

    (Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA)

Abstract

Globally, rapid urban expansion has caused green spaces in urban areas to decline considerably. In this study, the rapid expansion of three Southeast Asia cities were considered, namely, Kuala Lumpur City, Malaysia; Jakarta, Indonesia; and Metro Manila, Philippines. This study evaluates the changes in spatial and temporal patterns of urban areas and green space structure in the three cities over the last two decades. Land use land cover (LULC) maps of the cities (1988/1989, 1999 and 2014) were developed based on 30-m resolution satellite images. The changes in the landscape and spatial structure were analysed using change detection, landscape metrics and statistical analysis. The percentage of green space in the three cities reduced in size from 45% to 20% with the rapid expansion of urban areas over the 25-year period. In Metro Manila and Jakarta, the proportion of green space converted to urban areas was higher in the initial 1989 to 1999 period than over the latter 1999 to 2014 period. Significant changes in green space structure were observed in Jakarta and Metro Manila. Green space gradually fragmented and became less connected and more unevenly distributed. These changes were not seen in Kuala Lumpur City. Overall, the impact of spatial structure of urban areas and population density on green space is higher in Jakarta and Metro Manila when this is compared to Kuala Lumpur. Thus, the results have the potential to clarify the relative contribution of green space structure especially for cities in Southeast Asia where only a few studies in urban areas have taken place.

Suggested Citation

  • Amal Najihah Muhamad Nor & Hasifah Abdul Aziz & Siti Aisyah Nawawi & Rohazaini Muhammad Jamil & Muhamad Azahar Abas & Kamarul Ariffin Hambali & Abdul Hafidz Yusoff & Norfadhilah Ibrahim & Nur Hairunni, 2021. "Evolution of Green Space under Rapid Urban Expansion in Southeast Asian Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-20, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:12024-:d:669022
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/12024/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/12024/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhigang Li & Jialong Zhong & Zishu Sun & Wunian Yang, 2017. "Spatial Pattern of Carbon Sequestration and Urban Sustainability: Analysis of Land-Use and Carbon Emission in Guang’an, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-24, October.
    2. Deden Rukmana, 2015. "The Change and Transformation of Indonesian Spatial Planning after Suharto's New Order Regime: The Case of the Jakarta Metropolitan Area," International Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(4), pages 350-370, November.
    3. Nangware Kajia Msofe & Lianxi Sheng & James Lyimo, 2019. "Land Use Change Trends and Their Driving Forces in the Kilombero Valley Floodplain, Southeastern Tanzania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-25, January.
    4. Kritsana Kityuttachai & Nitin Kumar Tripathi & Taravudh Tipdecho & Rajendra Shrestha, 2013. "CA-Markov Analysis of Constrained Coastal Urban Growth Modeling: Hua Hin Seaside City, Thailand," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 5(4), pages 1-21, April.
    5. Jinming Yang & Shimei Li & Huicui Lu, 2019. "Quantitative Influence of Land-Use Changes and Urban Expansion Intensity on Landscape Pattern in Qingdao, China: Implications for Urban Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-18, November.
    6. Qing Zheng & Xuan Yang & Ke Wang & Lingyan Huang & Amir Reza Shahtahmassebi & Muye Gan & Melanie Valerie Weston, 2017. "Delimiting Urban Growth Boundary through Combining Land Suitability Evaluation and Cellular Automata," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-22, November.
    7. Rajashree Kotharkar & Pankaj Bahadure & Neha Sarda, 2014. "Measuring Compact Urban Form: A Case of Nagpur City, India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 6(7), pages 1-27, July.
    8. Yanchun Yi & Sisi Ma & Weijun Guan & Ke Li, 2017. "An Empirical Study on the Relationship between Urban Spatial Form and CO 2 in Chinese Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-12, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jeonghee Choi & Gunwoo Kim, 2022. "History of Seoul’s Parks and Green Space Policies: Focusing on Policy Changes in Urban Development," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-28, March.
    2. Xiaojin Huang & Ran Cheng & Jun Wu & Wenjian Yang & Longhao Zhang & Pengbo Li & Wenzhe Zhu, 2024. "Extracting Meso- and Microscale Patterns of Urban Morphology Evolution: Evidence from Binhai New Area of Tianjin, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-27, October.
    3. Xue Li & Wen Li & Yu Gao, 2023. "Multi-Scenario Simulation of Green Space Landscape Pattern in Harbin City Based on FLUS Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-26, February.
    4. Yihao Jiang & Zhaojin Chen & Pingjun Sun, 2022. "Urban Shrinkage and Urban Vitality Correlation Research in the Three Northeastern Provinces of China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-22, August.
    5. Jun Fu & Rui Ding & Yilin Zhang & Tao Zhou & Yiming Du & Yuqi Zhu & Linyu Du & Lina Peng & Jian Zou & Wenqian Xiao, 2022. "The Spatial-Temporal Transition and Influencing Factors of Green and Low-Carbon Utilization Efficiency of Urban Land in China under the Goal of Carbon Neutralization," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-25, December.
    6. Yaoyao Zhu & Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling, 2022. "A Systematic Review of Morphological Transformation of Urban Open Spaces: Drivers, Trends, and Methods," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-22, August.
    7. Xiamei Yao & Yuanyuan Chen & Qingyi Zhang & Zhongqiong Mou & Xiaojie Yao & Chun Ou, 2022. "Assessment of the Urban Expansion and Its Impact on the Eco-Environment—A Case Study of Hefei Municipal Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-19, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Liu, Yaping & Sadiq, Farah & Ali, Wajahat & Kumail, Tafazal, 2022. "Does tourism development, energy consumption, trade openness and economic growth matters for ecological footprint: Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve and pollution haven hypothesis for Pakistan," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    2. Qingsong He & Miao Yan & Linzi Zheng & Bo Wang & Jiang Zhou, 2023. "The Effect of Urban Form on Urban Shrinkage—A Study of 293 Chinese Cities Using Geodetector," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-17, March.
    3. Liu, Xingjian & Wang, Mingshu & Qiang, Wei & Wu, Kang & Wang, Xiaomi, 2020. "Urban form, shrinking cities, and residential carbon emissions: Evidence from Chinese city-regions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    4. Dong Chen & Rongrong Liu & Maoxian Zhou, 2023. "Delineation of Urban Growth Boundary Based on Habitat Quality and Carbon Storage: A Case Study of Weiyuan County in Gansu, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-17, May.
    5. Eduardo Polloni-Silva & Diogo Ferraz & Flávia de Castro Camioto & Daisy Aparecida do Nascimento Rebelatto & Herick Fernando Moralles, 2021. "Environmental Kuznets Curve and the Pollution-Halo/Haven Hypotheses: An Investigation in Brazilian Municipalities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-19, April.
    6. Fayaz Ahmad Lone & M. Imran Ganaie & Showkat A. Ganaie & M. Shafi Bhat & Javeed Ahmad Rather, 2023. "Drivers of agricultural land-use change in Kashmir valley - an application of mixed method approach," Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 1-20, December.
    7. Brian Pickard & Joshua Gray & Ross Meentemeyer, 2017. "Comparing Quantity, Allocation and Configuration Accuracy of Multiple Land Change Models," Land, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-21, August.
    8. Chidozie Charles Nnaji & Nkpa Mba Ogarekpe & Ekene Jude Nwankwo, 2022. "Temporal and spatial dynamics of land use and land cover changes in derived savannah hydrological basin of Enugu State, Nigeria," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(7), pages 9598-9622, July.
    9. Hongchang Li & Jack Strauss & Lihong Liu, 2019. "A Panel Investigation of High-Speed Rail (HSR) and Urban Transport on China’s Carbon Footprint," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-24, April.
    10. Nataša Šprah & Mitja Košir, 2019. "Daylight Provision Requirements According to EN 17037 as a Restriction for Sustainable Urban Planning of Residential Developments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-22, December.
    11. Claudia Cosentino & Federico Amato & Beniamino Murgante, 2018. "Population-Based Simulation of Urban Growth: The Italian Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-21, December.
    12. Hanwen Zhang & Yanqing Lang, 2022. "Quantifying and Analyzing the Responses of Habitat Quality to Land Use Change in Guangdong Province, China over the Past 40 Years," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-23, May.
    13. Tianqi Rong & Pengyan Zhang & Wenlong Jing & Yu Zhang & Yanyan Li & Dan Yang & Jiaxin Yang & Hao Chang & Linna Ge, 2020. "Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Their Driving Forces of Land Use Change Based on Economic Contributive Coefficient (ECC) and Ecological Support Coefficient (ESC) in the Lower Yellow River Region (1995–20," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-18, May.
    14. Jilong Zhao & Xinran Hao & Yang Yang, 2023. "Research on Urban Sustainability Indicators Based on Urban Grain: A Case Study in Jinan, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-22, September.
    15. Emma Colven, 2023. "A political ecology of speculative urbanism: The role of financial and environmental speculation in Jakarta’s water crisis," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 55(2), pages 490-510, March.
    16. Gang Lin & Dong Jiang & Jingying Fu & Chenglong Cao & Dongwei Zhang, 2020. "Spatial Conflict of Production–Living–Ecological Space and Sustainable-Development Scenario Simulation in Yangtze River Delta Agglomerations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-11, March.
    17. Yong Zhu & Shihu Zhong & Ying Wang & Muhua Liu, 2021. "Land Use Evolution and Land Ecological Security Evaluation Based on AHP-FCE Model: Evidence from China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-15, November.
    18. Muhammad Mashhood Arif & Muhammad Ahsan & Oswald Devisch & Yves Schoonjans, 2022. "Integrated Approach to Explore Multidimensional Urban Morphology of Informal Settlements: The Case Studies of Lahore, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-28, June.
    19. Helga Leitner & Samuel Nowak & Eric Sheppard, 2023. "Everyday speculation in the remaking of peri-urban livelihoods and landscapes," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 55(2), pages 388-406, March.
    20. Shu, Cheng & Xie, Hualin & Jiang, Jinfa & Chen, Qianru, 2018. "Is Urban Land Development Driven by Economic Development or Fiscal Revenue Stimuli in China?," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 107-115.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:12024-:d:669022. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.