IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i20p11178-d653178.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Sustainable Irrigation System for Small Landholdings of Rainfed Punjab, Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Marjan Aziz

    (Department of Agricultural Engineering, Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan)

  • Sultan Ahmad Rizvi

    (Water Conservation Division, Soil and Water Conservation Research Institute, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Azhar Iqbal

    (Centre of Excellence for Olive Research and Training (CEFORT), Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan)

  • Sairah Syed

    (Department of Agronomy, Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Ashraf

    (Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Saira Anwer

    (Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Usman

    (Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan)

  • Nazia Tahir

    (Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan)

  • Azra Khan

    (Department of Agronomy, Soil and Water Conservation Research Institute, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan)

  • Sana Asghar

    (Department of Horticulture, Horticultural Research Station, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan)

  • Jamil Akhtar

    (Department of Agricultural Engineering, Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan)

Abstract

Drip irrigation has long been proven beneficial for fruit and vegetable crops in Pakistan, but the only barrier in its adoption is the high cost of installation for small landholders, which is due to overdesigning of the system. In the present study, the cost of a conventional drip irrigation system was reduced by redesigning and eliminating the heavy filtration system (i.e., hydrocyclon, sand media, disc filters (groundwater source), pressure gauges, water meters, and double laterals).Purchasing the drip system from local vendors also reduced the cost. Field trials were conducted during 2015 and 2016 to observe the productive and economic effects of low-cost drip irrigation on vegetables (potato, onion, and chilies) and fruits (olive, peach, and citrus). The low-cost drip irrigation system saved 50% cost of irrigation and increased 27–54% net revenue in comparison with the furrow irrigation system. Further, water use efficiency (WUE) was found from 3.91–13.30 kg/m 3 and 1.28–4.89 kg/m 3 for drip irrigation and furrow irrigation systems, respectively. The physical and chemical attributes of vegetables and fruits were also improved to a reasonably good extent. The present study concluded that low-cost drip irrigation increased the yield by more than 20%, as compared with traditional furrow irrigation, and thus, it is beneficial for the small landholders (i.e., less than 2 hectares).

Suggested Citation

  • Marjan Aziz & Sultan Ahmad Rizvi & Muhammad Azhar Iqbal & Sairah Syed & Muhammad Ashraf & Saira Anwer & Muhammad Usman & Nazia Tahir & Azra Khan & Sana Asghar & Jamil Akhtar, 2021. "A Sustainable Irrigation System for Small Landholdings of Rainfed Punjab, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:20:p:11178-:d:653178
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/20/11178/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/20/11178/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Winston Yu & Yi-Chen Yang & Andre Savitsky & Donald Alford & Casey Brown & James Wescoat & Dario Debowicz & Sherman Robinson, 2013. "Indus Basin of Pakistan : Impacts of Climate Risks on Water and Agriculture," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 13834.
    2. Mahmood, A. & Oweis, T. & Ashraf, M. & Majid, A. & Aftab, M. & Aadal, N.K. & Ahmad, I., 2015. "Performance of improved practices in farmers’ fields under rainfed and supplemental irrigation systems in a semi-arid area of Pakistan," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 1-10.
    3. Passioura, John, 2006. "Increasing crop productivity when water is scarce--from breeding to field management," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 80(1-3), pages 176-196, February.
    4. Ilbeyi, Adem & Ustun, Haluk & Oweis, Theib & Pala, Mustafa & Benli, Bogachan, 2006. "Wheat water productivity and yield in a cool highland environment: Effect of early sowing with supplemental irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 82(3), pages 399-410, April.
    5. Mouna Aïachi Mezghani & Amel Mguidiche & Faiza Allouche Khebour & Imen Zouari & Faouzi Attia & Giuseppe Provenzano, 2019. "Water Status and Yield Response to Deficit Irrigation and Fertilization of Three Olive Oil Cultivars under the Semi-Arid Conditions of Tunisia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-18, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Anzhen Qin & Dongfeng Ning & Zhandong Liu & Sen Li & Ben Zhao & Aiwang Duan, 2022. "Impacts of Irrigation Time and Well Depths on Farmers’ Costs and Benefits in Maize Production," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-15, March.
    2. Marjan Aziz & Sultan Ahmad Rizvi & Muhammad Sultan & Muhammad Sultan Ali Bazmi & Redmond R. Shamshiri & Sobhy M. Ibrahim & Muhammad A. Imran, 2022. "Simulating Cotton Growth and Productivity Using AquaCrop Model under Deficit Irrigation in a Semi-Arid Climate," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-18, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mahmood, A. & Oweis, T. & Ashraf, M. & Majid, A. & Aftab, M. & Aadal, N.K. & Ahmad, I., 2015. "Performance of improved practices in farmers’ fields under rainfed and supplemental irrigation systems in a semi-arid area of Pakistan," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 1-10.
    2. Nandi, R. & Mondal, K. & Singh, K.C. & Saha, M. & Bandyopadhyay, P.K. & Ghosh, P.K., 2021. "Yield-water relationships of lentil grown under different rice establishments in Lower Gangetic Plain of India," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    3. Li, Xiaolin & Tong, Ling & Niu, Jun & Kang, Shaozhong & Du, Taisheng & Li, Sien & Ding, Risheng, 2017. "Spatio-temporal distribution of irrigation water productivity and its driving factors for cereal crops in Hexi Corridor, Northwest China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 55-63.
    4. Welderufael, W.A. & Woyessa, Y.E., 2009. "Evaluation of surface water drainage systems for cropping in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(11), pages 1667-1672, November.
    5. Cai, Ximing & Yang, Yi-Chen E. & Ringler, Claudia & Zhao, Jianshi & You, Liangzhi, 2011. "Agricultural water productivity assessment for the Yellow River Basin," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(8), pages 1297-1306, May.
    6. Krauß, Michael & Kraatz, Simone & Drastig, Katrin & Prochnow, Annette, 2015. "The influence of dairy management strategies on water productivity of milk production," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 175-186.
    7. Elke Noellemeyer & Romina Fernández & Alberto Quiroga, 2013. "Crop and Tillage Effects on Water Productivity of Dryland Agriculture in Argentina," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 3(1), pages 1-11, January.
    8. Seijger, Chris & Chukalla, Abebe & Bremer, Karin & Borghuis, Gerlo & Christoforidou, Maria & Mul, Marloes & Hellegers, Petra & van Halsema, Gerardo, 2023. "Agronomic analysis of WaPOR applications: Confirming conservative biomass water productivity in inherent and climatological variance of WaPOR data outputs," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    9. Tron, Stefania & Bodner, Gernot & Laio, Francesco & Ridolfi, Luca & Leitner, Daniel, 2015. "Can diversity in root architecture explain plant water use efficiency? A modeling study," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 312(C), pages 200-210.
    10. Benli, B. & Pala, M. & Stockle, C. & Oweis, T., 2007. "Assessment of winter wheat production under early sowing with supplemental irrigation in a cold highland environment using CropSyst simulation model," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 93(1-2), pages 45-53, October.
    11. Sharma, Bharat & Molden, D. & Cook, Simon, 2015. "Water use efficiency in agriculture: measurement, current situation and trends," Book Chapters,, International Water Management Institute.
    12. Karrou, M. & Oweis, T., 2012. "Water and land productivities of wheat and food legumes with deficit supplemental irrigation in a Mediterranean environment," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 94-103.
    13. Owusu–Kodua, Derrick & Micheels, Eric & Brown, Bill, 2017. "Pr - The Effect Of Entreprenurial Orientation On Crop Portfolio Choice: Results From A Student Simulation," 21st Congress, Edinburgh, Scotland, July 2-7, 2017 345779, International Farm Management Association.
    14. Sharma, Bharat & Molden, D. & Cook, Simon, 2015. "Water use efficiency in agriculture: measurement, current situation and trends," IWMI Books, Reports H046807, International Water Management Institute.
    15. Umesh, Barikara & Reddy, K.S. & Polisgowdar, B.S. & Maruthi, V. & Satishkumar, U. & Ayyanagoudar, M.S. & Rao, Sathyanarayan & Veeresh, H., 2022. "Assessment of climate change impact on maize (Zea mays L.) through aquacrop model in semi-arid alfisol of southern Telangana," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    16. Mabhaudhi, T. & Modi, A.T. & Beletse, Y.G., 2013. "Response of taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) landraces to varying water regimes under a rainshelter," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 102-112.
    17. Zhao, Guoqing & Mu, Yan & Wang, Yanhui & Wang, Li, 2022. "Magnetization and oxidation of irrigation water to improve winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production and water-use efficiency," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    18. Fang, Q.X. & Ma, L. & Green, T.R. & Yu, Q. & Wang, T.D. & Ahuja, L.R., 2010. "Water resources and water use efficiency in the North China Plain: Current status and agronomic management options," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(8), pages 1102-1116, August.
    19. Muhammad Irshad Ahmad & Hengyun Ma, 2020. "Climate Change and Livelihood Vulnerability in Mixed Crop–Livestock Areas: The Case of Province Punjab, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-31, January.
    20. Sun, Qinping & Kröbel, Roland & Müller, Torsten & Römheld, Volker & Cui, Zhenling & Zhang, Fusuo & Chen, Xinping, 2011. "Optimization of yield and water-use of different cropping systems for sustainable groundwater use in North China Plain," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(5), pages 808-814, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:20:p:11178-:d:653178. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.