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A Sustainable Irrigation System for Small Landholdings of Rainfed Punjab, Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Marjan Aziz

    (Department of Agricultural Engineering, Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan)

  • Sultan Ahmad Rizvi

    (Water Conservation Division, Soil and Water Conservation Research Institute, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Azhar Iqbal

    (Centre of Excellence for Olive Research and Training (CEFORT), Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan)

  • Sairah Syed

    (Department of Agronomy, Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Ashraf

    (Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Saira Anwer

    (Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Usman

    (Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan)

  • Nazia Tahir

    (Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan)

  • Azra Khan

    (Department of Agronomy, Soil and Water Conservation Research Institute, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan)

  • Sana Asghar

    (Department of Horticulture, Horticultural Research Station, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan)

  • Jamil Akhtar

    (Department of Agricultural Engineering, Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan)

Abstract

Drip irrigation has long been proven beneficial for fruit and vegetable crops in Pakistan, but the only barrier in its adoption is the high cost of installation for small landholders, which is due to overdesigning of the system. In the present study, the cost of a conventional drip irrigation system was reduced by redesigning and eliminating the heavy filtration system (i.e., hydrocyclon, sand media, disc filters (groundwater source), pressure gauges, water meters, and double laterals).Purchasing the drip system from local vendors also reduced the cost. Field trials were conducted during 2015 and 2016 to observe the productive and economic effects of low-cost drip irrigation on vegetables (potato, onion, and chilies) and fruits (olive, peach, and citrus). The low-cost drip irrigation system saved 50% cost of irrigation and increased 27–54% net revenue in comparison with the furrow irrigation system. Further, water use efficiency (WUE) was found from 3.91–13.30 kg/m 3 and 1.28–4.89 kg/m 3 for drip irrigation and furrow irrigation systems, respectively. The physical and chemical attributes of vegetables and fruits were also improved to a reasonably good extent. The present study concluded that low-cost drip irrigation increased the yield by more than 20%, as compared with traditional furrow irrigation, and thus, it is beneficial for the small landholders (i.e., less than 2 hectares).

Suggested Citation

  • Marjan Aziz & Sultan Ahmad Rizvi & Muhammad Azhar Iqbal & Sairah Syed & Muhammad Ashraf & Saira Anwer & Muhammad Usman & Nazia Tahir & Azra Khan & Sana Asghar & Jamil Akhtar, 2021. "A Sustainable Irrigation System for Small Landholdings of Rainfed Punjab, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:20:p:11178-:d:653178
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Winston Yu & Yi-Chen Yang & Andre Savitsky & Donald Alford & Casey Brown & James Wescoat & Dario Debowicz & Sherman Robinson, 2013. "Indus Basin of Pakistan : Impacts of Climate Risks on Water and Agriculture," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 13834.
    2. Mahmood, A. & Oweis, T. & Ashraf, M. & Majid, A. & Aftab, M. & Aadal, N.K. & Ahmad, I., 2015. "Performance of improved practices in farmers’ fields under rainfed and supplemental irrigation systems in a semi-arid area of Pakistan," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 1-10.
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    4. Ilbeyi, Adem & Ustun, Haluk & Oweis, Theib & Pala, Mustafa & Benli, Bogachan, 2006. "Wheat water productivity and yield in a cool highland environment: Effect of early sowing with supplemental irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 82(3), pages 399-410, April.
    5. Mouna Aïachi Mezghani & Amel Mguidiche & Faiza Allouche Khebour & Imen Zouari & Faouzi Attia & Giuseppe Provenzano, 2019. "Water Status and Yield Response to Deficit Irrigation and Fertilization of Three Olive Oil Cultivars under the Semi-Arid Conditions of Tunisia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-18, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Anzhen Qin & Dongfeng Ning & Zhandong Liu & Sen Li & Ben Zhao & Aiwang Duan, 2022. "Impacts of Irrigation Time and Well Depths on Farmers’ Costs and Benefits in Maize Production," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-15, March.
    2. Marjan Aziz & Sultan Ahmad Rizvi & Muhammad Sultan & Muhammad Sultan Ali Bazmi & Redmond R. Shamshiri & Sobhy M. Ibrahim & Muhammad A. Imran, 2022. "Simulating Cotton Growth and Productivity Using AquaCrop Model under Deficit Irrigation in a Semi-Arid Climate," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-18, February.

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