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Effect of Elevation on Variation in Reference Evapotranspiration under Climate Change in Northwest China

Author

Listed:
  • Wei Liu

    (Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Linshan Yang

    (Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Meng Zhu

    (Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Jan F. Adamowski

    (Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Québec, QC H9X 3V9, Canada)

  • Rahim Barzegar

    (Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Québec, QC H9X 3V9, Canada)

  • Xiaohu Wen

    (Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Zhenliang Yin

    (Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China)

Abstract

Through its effects on water and energy cycles, elevation plays an important role in modulating the spatial distribution of climatic changes in mountainous regions. A key hydrological indicator, reference evapotranspiration (ET 0 ) reflects the maximum amount of water transferred to the atmosphere from the land surface. The current scarcity of information regarding elevation’s impact on variation in ET 0 under climate change limits our understanding of the extent to which elevation modulates interactions between ET 0 and climate change and of the attendant processes involved. Drawing upon long-term (1960–2017) meteorological observations from 84 stations in Northwest China (NWC), we examined (i) spatial and temporal variations in ET 0 ; (ii) the sensitivity and contribution of air temperature (T), sunshine duration (SD), relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (WS) to ET 0 ; (iii) the existence of a relationship between elevation and ET 0 trends; and (iv) the major factor in controlling this relationship by using attribution analysis. Overall, annual ET 0 in NWC showed a declining trend between 1960 and 2017, though at a change point in 1993, the trend shifted from a decline to a rise. A significant correlation between temporal change in ET 0 and elevation confirmed the existence of a relationship between elevation and ET 0 variation. The effect of elevation on changes in ET 0 depended mainly on the elevation-based tradeoff between the contributions of T and WS: WS was the primary factor contributing to the decrease in ET 0 below 2000 m, and T was the dominant factor contributing to the increase of ET 0 above 2000 m. The rate of reduction in WS declined as elevation increased, thereby diminishing its contribution to variation in ET 0 . The present study’s results can serve to guide agricultural irrigation in different elevation zones under NWC’s evolving climatic conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Wei Liu & Linshan Yang & Meng Zhu & Jan F. Adamowski & Rahim Barzegar & Xiaohu Wen & Zhenliang Yin, 2021. "Effect of Elevation on Variation in Reference Evapotranspiration under Climate Change in Northwest China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-19, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:18:p:10151-:d:632992
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    3. Alexandris, Stavros & Proutsos, Nikolaos, 2020. "How significant is the effect of the surface characteristics on the Reference Evapotranspiration estimates?," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
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