IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i16p8755-d608981.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Impact of Family Ownership on Quality and Disclosure of Internal Control in Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Imran Abbas Jadoon

    (Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan)

  • Umara Noreen

    (College of Business Administration, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Rafha Street, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia)

  • Usman Ayub

    (Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Tahir

    (Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan)

  • Naima Shahzadi

    (Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan)

Abstract

The role of family owners in the internal control environment is characterized by contradictory theoretical arguments i.e., entrenchment and alignment behavior. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the behavior exhibited by family owners concerning the internal control environment in an underdeveloped regulatory setting. The study collected both primary and secondary data to use a multivariate regression research design to investigate the impact of family owners and CEOs on the internal control quality and disclosure of enterprises. The results of the current study demonstrated that family owners and family CEO have a negative impact on the internal control quality and disclosure, which validates the entrenchment behavior exhibited by family owners in the Pakistani setting. The results of the current study imply that policymakers should promote strict policy initiatives regarding the effectiveness of internal controls and their reporting so that companies are compelled to have better engagement in internal control practices for the protection of minority shareholders.

Suggested Citation

  • Imran Abbas Jadoon & Umara Noreen & Usman Ayub & Muhammad Tahir & Naima Shahzadi, 2021. "The Impact of Family Ownership on Quality and Disclosure of Internal Control in Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-16, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:16:p:8755-:d:608981
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/16/8755/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/16/8755/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hichem Khlif & Khaled Samaha, 2016. "Audit committee activity and internal control quality in Egypt: Does external auditor’s size matter?," Managerial Auditing Journal, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 31(3), pages 269-289, March.
    2. Ling Lei Lisic & Terry L. Neal & Ivy Xiying Zhang & Yan Zhang, 2016. "CEO Power, Internal Control Quality, and Audit Committee Effectiveness in Substance Versus in Form," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 33(3), pages 1199-1237, September.
    3. Filippo Vitolla & Nicola Raimo & Michele Rubino, 2020. "Board characteristics and integrated reporting quality: an agency theory perspective," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(2), pages 1152-1163, March.
    4. SHAHID HUSSAIN & nabeel safdar, 2018. "Ownership structure of family business groups of Pakistan," Proceedings of Economics and Finance Conferences 7108626, International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences.
    5. Shijun Cheng & Robert Felix & Raffi Indjejikian, 2019. "Spillover Effects of Internal Control Weakness Disclosures: The Role of Audit Committees and Board Connections," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(2), pages 934-957, June.
    6. La Porta, Rafael & Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio & Shleifer, Andrei & Vishny, Robert, 2000. "Investor protection and corporate governance," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(1-2), pages 3-27.
    7. Chalmers, Keryn & Hay, David & Khlif, Hichem, 2019. "Internal control in accounting research: A review," Journal of Accounting Literature, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 80-103.
    8. Espahbodi, Reza & Espahbodi, Hassan, 2019. "The impact on stock prices of deferral and elimination of internal control audit requirement for small firms," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 158-166.
    9. Lu, Yu & Cao, Yue, 2018. "The individual characteristics of board members and internal control weakness: Evidence from China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 75-94.
    10. Guang‐Zheng Chen & Edmund C. Keung, 2018. "Corporate diversification, institutional investors and internal control quality," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 58(3), pages 751-786, September.
    11. Dan Weiss, 2014. "Internal Controls in Family-Owned Firms," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(3), pages 463-482, September.
    12. Ji, Xu-dong & Lu, Wei & Qu, Wen, 2018. "Internal control risk and audit fees: Evidence from China," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 266-287.
    13. Ji, Xu-dong & Lu, Wei & Qu, Wen, 2015. "Determinants and economic consequences of voluntary disclosure of internal control weaknesses in China," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 11(1), pages 1-17.
    14. Chau, Gerald & Gray, Sidney J., 2010. "Family ownership, board independence and voluntary disclosure: Evidence from Hong Kong," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 93-109.
    15. Martin, Kasey & Sanders, Elaine & Scalan, Genevieve, 2014. "The potential impact of COSO internal control integrated framework revision on internal audit structured SOX work programs," Research in Accounting Regulation, Elsevier, vol. 26(1), pages 110-117.
    16. Xia Chen & Mei Feng & Chan Li, 2020. "Family entrenchment and internal control: evidence from S&P 1500 firms," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 25(1), pages 246-278, March.
    17. Jacoby, Gady & Li, Yingqi & Li, Tianze & Zheng, Steven Xiaofan, 2018. "Internal control weakness, investment and firm valuation," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 165-171.
    18. Baolei Qi & Liuchuang Li & Qing Zhou & Jinghui Sun, 2017. "Does internal control over financial reporting really alleviate agency conflicts?," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 57(4), pages 1101-1125, December.
    19. Hafezali Iqbal Hussain & Azlan Ali & Hassanudin Mohd Thas Thaker & Mohsin Ali, 2019. "Firm Performance and Family Related Directors: Empirical Evidence from an Emerging Market," Contemporary Economics, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw., vol. 13(2), June.
    20. Xiao Li & Chunmei Zheng & Gang Liu & Muhammad Safdar Sial, 2018. "The Effectiveness of Internal Control and Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from Chinese Capital Market," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-18, November.
    21. Derya Vural, 2018. "Disclosure Practices by Family Firms: Evidence from Swedish Publicly Listed Firms," Accounting in Europe, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(3), pages 347-373, September.
    22. Dechun Wang, 2006. "Founding Family Ownership and Earnings Quality," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(3), pages 619-656, June.
    23. Ling Lei Lisic & Linda A. Myers & Timothy A. Seidel & Jian Zhou, 2019. "Does Audit Committee Accounting Expertise Help to Promote Audit Quality? Evidence from Auditor Reporting of Internal Control Weaknesses†," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(4), pages 2521-2553, December.
    24. Frank Kabuye & Joachim Kato & Irene Akugizibwe & Nicholas Bugambiro, 2019. "Internal control systems, working capital management and financial performance of supermarkets," Cogent Business & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 6(1), pages 1573524-157, January.
    25. Chang, Yu-Tzu & Chen, Hanchung & Cheng, Rainbow K. & Chi, Wuchun, 2019. "The impact of internal audit attributes on the effectiveness of internal control over operations and compliance," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 1-19.
    26. Chalmers, Keryn & Hay, David & Khlif, Hichem, 2019. "Internal control in accounting research: A review," Journal of Accounting Literature, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 80-103.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Belal Ali Ghaleb & Sumaia Ayesh Qaderi & Adel Ali Al‐Qadasi, 2024. "Independent female directors and integrated reporting quality: The moderating role of family ownership," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(4), pages 3429-3443, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Oliver Henk, 2020. "Internal control through the lens of institutional work: a systematic literature review," Journal of Management Control: Zeitschrift für Planung und Unternehmenssteuerung, Springer, vol. 31(3), pages 239-273, September.
    2. Adrian-Cosmin Caraiman, 2020. "Responsibility for Internal Control in Corporate Governance," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 0(2), pages 612-618, December.
    3. Chalmers, Keryn & Hay, David & Khlif, Hichem, 2019. "Internal control in accounting research: A review," Journal of Accounting Literature, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 80-103.
    4. Chalmers, Keryn & Hay, David & Khlif, Hichem, 2019. "Internal control in accounting research: A review," Journal of Accounting Literature, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 80-103.
    5. Li, Zhe & Wang, Bo & Wu, Tianlong & Zhou, Dan, 2021. "The influence of qualified foreign institutional investors on internal control quality: Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    6. Haotian Wu & Qiqi Sun & Zhihong Zhang & Dongmei Wang, 2024. "Does Board Internationalization Affect Corporate ESG Performance? Evidence from Chinese A-Share-Listed Companies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-32, December.
    7. Chen, Tao, 2023. "Common auditors and internal control similarity: Evidence from China," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 55(2).
    8. Wasswa Asaph Senoga, 2023. "The Effect of Accountability, Transparency, And Integrity of Church Leaders on Fraud Prevention in The Management of Church Funds," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 7(1), pages 1388-1409, January.
    9. Ahmed A. Elamer & Collins G. Ntim & Hussein A. Abdou & Alaa Mansour Zalata & Mohamed Elmagrhi, 2019. "The impact of multi-layer governance on bank risk disclosure in emerging markets: the case of Middle East and North Africa," Accounting Forum, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(2), pages 246-281, April.
    10. Cao, Yuqiang & Li, Chenglin & Liu, Xinghe & Lu, Meiting & Shan, Yaowen, 2022. "Economic policy uncertainty and debt allocation within business groups," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    11. Feng, Yuan & Mao, Yihuan & Cai, Jing & Xu, Nan, 2024. "Can board IT expertise improve corporate internal control?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 62(PA).
    12. Ja Eun Koo & Eun Sun Ki, 2020. "Internal Control Personnel’s Experience, Internal Control Weaknesses, and ESG Rating," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-16, October.
    13. Dr.Muganda Munir Manini & Dr.Umulkher Ali Abdillahi, 2023. "Does the Internal Control Environment Drive the Performance of Cooperatives? A PLS-SEM Perspective," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 7(7), pages 721-745, July.
    14. Chanchal Chatterjee, 2021. "Ownership pattern, board composition, and earnings management: evidence from top Indian companies," International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 18(2), pages 179-192, June.
    15. Chenxi Wang & Deli Wang & Xincai Deng & Shun Wang, 2023. "Research on the Impact of Enterprise Digital Transformation on Internal Control," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-18, May.
    16. Farah, Nusrat & Islam, Md Shariful & Tadesse, Amanuel & McCumber, William, 2024. "Impact of audit committee social capital on the adoption of COSO 2013," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    17. Rakhman, Fuad & Wijayana, Singgih, 2024. "Human development and the quality of financial reporting among the local governments in Indonesia," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    18. Robert O. Etengu & Dr. Tobias O. Olweny & Dr. Josephat O. Oluoch, 2020. "Voluntary Disclosure of Financial and Capital Market Data and Earnings Management: Empirical Evidence from Uganda," Journal of Finance and Investment Analysis, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 9(1), pages 1-3.
    19. Abdul Waheed & Qaisar Ali Malik, 2021. "Institutional Ownership Board Characteristics and Firm Performance: A Contingent Theoretical Approach," International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management (IJABIM), IGI Global, vol. 12(2), pages 1-15, April.
    20. Amin, Qazi Awais & Cumming, Douglas, 2021. "Blockholders and real earnings management-the emerging markets context," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:16:p:8755-:d:608981. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.