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Enhancement of Biogas Production via Co-Digestion of Wastewater Treatment Sewage Sludge and Brewery Spent Grain: Physicochemical Characterization and Microbial Community

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  • Khuthadzo Mudzanani

    (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Smart Places, Water & Wastewater Infrastructure, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
    School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa)

  • Esta van Heerden

    (iWater, 5 Walter Sisulu Rd, Park West, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa)

  • Ryneth Mbhele

    (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Smart Places, Water & Wastewater Infrastructure, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa)

  • Michael O. Daramola

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa)

Abstract

The present study intends to evaluate a synergy towards enhanced biogas production by co-digesting municipal sewage sludge (SS) with brewery spent grain (BSG). To execute this, physicochemical and metagenomics analysis was conducted on the sewage sludge substrate. The automatic methane potential test system II (AMPTS II) biochemical methane potential (BMP) batch setup was operated at 35 ± 5 °C, pH range of 6.5–7.5 for 30 days’ digestion time on AMPTS II and 150 days on semi-continuous setup, where the organic loading rate (OLR) was guided by pH and the volatile fatty acids to total alkalinity (VFA/TA) ratio. Metagenomics analysis revealed that Proteobacteria was the most abundant phyla, consisting of hydrolytic and fermentative bacteria. The archaea community of hydrogenotrophic methanogen genus was enriched by methanogens. The highest BMP was obtained with co-digestion of SS and BSG, and 9.65 g/kg of VS. This not only increased biogas production by 104% but also accelerated the biodegradation of organic matters. However, a significant reduction in the biogas yield, from 10.23 NL/day to 2.02 NL/day, was observed in a semi-continuous process. As such, it can be concluded that different species in different types of sludge can synergistically enhance the production of biogas. However, the operating conditions should be optimized and monitored at all times. The anaerobic co-digestion of SS and BSG might be considered as a cost-effective solution that could contribute to the energy self-efficiency of wastewater treatment works (WWTWs) and sustainable waste management. It is recommended to upscale co-digestion of the feed for the pilot biogas plant. This will also go a long way in curtailing and minimizing the impacts of sludge disposal in the environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Khuthadzo Mudzanani & Esta van Heerden & Ryneth Mbhele & Michael O. Daramola, 2021. "Enhancement of Biogas Production via Co-Digestion of Wastewater Treatment Sewage Sludge and Brewery Spent Grain: Physicochemical Characterization and Microbial Community," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-16, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:15:p:8225-:d:599874
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jae Hoon Jeung & Woo Jin Chung & Soon Woong Chang, 2019. "Evaluation of Anaerobic Co-Digestion to Enhance the Efficiency of Livestock Manure Anaerobic Digestion," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Shengrong Xue & Nan Zhao & Jinghui Song & Xiaojiao Wang, 2019. "Interactive Effects of Chemical Composition of Food Waste during Anaerobic Co-Digestion under Thermophilic Temperature," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-15, May.
    3. Spyridon Achinas & Gerrit Jan Willem Euverink, 2019. "Effect of Combined Inoculation on Biogas Production from Hardly Degradable Material," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-13, January.
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