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Emission Characteristics of Hazardous Air Pollutants from Medium-Duty Diesel Trucks Based on Driving Cycles

Author

Listed:
  • Sungwoon Jung

    (Division of Global Environment Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea)

  • Sunmoon Kim

    (Transportation Pollution Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea)

  • Taekho Chung

    (Transportation Pollution Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea)

  • Heekyoung Hong

    (Transportation Pollution Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea)

  • Seunghwan Lee

    (Transportation Pollution Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea)

  • Jaehyun Lim

    (Division of Global Environment Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea)

Abstract

Studies on the characteristics of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in the emissions of medium-duty diesel trucks are significantly insufficient compared to those on heavy-duty trucks. This study investigated the characteristics of regulated pollutants and HAPs, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), aldehydes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and estimated non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) speciation in the emissions of medium-duty diesel trucks. Ten medium-duty diesel trucks conforming to Euros 5 and 6 were tested for four various driving cycles (WLTC, NEDC, CVS-75, and NIER-9) using a chassis dynamometer. In an urban area such as Seoul, CO and NMHC emissions were increased because of its longer low-speed driving time. NOx emissions were the highest in the high-speed phase owing to the influence of thermal NOx. PM emissions were almost not emitted because of the DPF installation. Alkanes dominated non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions, 36–63% of which resulted from the low reaction of the diesel oxidation catalyst. Formaldehyde emissions were the highest for 35–53% among aldehydes irrespective of driving cycles. By sampling the particle-phase of PAHs, we detected benzo(k)fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene and estimated the concentrations of the gas-phase PAHs with models to obtain the total PAH concentrations. In the particle portion, benzo(k)fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene were over 69% and over 91%, respectively. The toxic equivalency quantities of benzo(k)fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene from NIER-9 (cold) for both Euro 5 and Euro 6 vehicles were more than five times higher than those of NIER (hot) and NEDC. In the case of NMHC speciation, formaldehyde emissions were the highest for 10–45% in all the driving cycles. Formaldehyde and benzene must be controlled in the emissions of medium-duty diesel trucks to reduce their health threats. The results of this study will aid in establishing a national emission inventory system for HAPs of mobile sources in Korea.

Suggested Citation

  • Sungwoon Jung & Sunmoon Kim & Taekho Chung & Heekyoung Hong & Seunghwan Lee & Jaehyun Lim, 2021. "Emission Characteristics of Hazardous Air Pollutants from Medium-Duty Diesel Trucks Based on Driving Cycles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:14:p:7834-:d:593561
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tan, Pi-qiang & Zhong, Yi-mei & Hu, Zhi-yuan & Lou, Di-ming, 2017. "Size distributions, PAHs and inorganic ions of exhaust particles from a heavy duty diesel engine using B20 biodiesel with different exhaust aftertreatments," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 898-906.
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    1. Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa & Tommaso Selleri & Roberto Gioria & Anastasios D. Melas & Christian Ferrarese & Jacopo Franzetti & Bertold Arlitt & Naoki Nagura & Takaaki Hanada & Barouch Giechaskiel, 2022. "Real-Time Measurements of Formaldehyde Emissions from Modern Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-12, October.

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