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Emission Characteristics of Hazardous Air Pollutants from Medium-Duty Diesel Trucks Based on Driving Cycles

Author

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  • Sungwoon Jung

    (Division of Global Environment Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea)

  • Sunmoon Kim

    (Transportation Pollution Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea)

  • Taekho Chung

    (Transportation Pollution Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea)

  • Heekyoung Hong

    (Transportation Pollution Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea)

  • Seunghwan Lee

    (Transportation Pollution Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea)

  • Jaehyun Lim

    (Division of Global Environment Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea)

Abstract

Studies on the characteristics of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in the emissions of medium-duty diesel trucks are significantly insufficient compared to those on heavy-duty trucks. This study investigated the characteristics of regulated pollutants and HAPs, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), aldehydes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and estimated non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) speciation in the emissions of medium-duty diesel trucks. Ten medium-duty diesel trucks conforming to Euros 5 and 6 were tested for four various driving cycles (WLTC, NEDC, CVS-75, and NIER-9) using a chassis dynamometer. In an urban area such as Seoul, CO and NMHC emissions were increased because of its longer low-speed driving time. NOx emissions were the highest in the high-speed phase owing to the influence of thermal NOx. PM emissions were almost not emitted because of the DPF installation. Alkanes dominated non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions, 36–63% of which resulted from the low reaction of the diesel oxidation catalyst. Formaldehyde emissions were the highest for 35–53% among aldehydes irrespective of driving cycles. By sampling the particle-phase of PAHs, we detected benzo(k)fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene and estimated the concentrations of the gas-phase PAHs with models to obtain the total PAH concentrations. In the particle portion, benzo(k)fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene were over 69% and over 91%, respectively. The toxic equivalency quantities of benzo(k)fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene from NIER-9 (cold) for both Euro 5 and Euro 6 vehicles were more than five times higher than those of NIER (hot) and NEDC. In the case of NMHC speciation, formaldehyde emissions were the highest for 10–45% in all the driving cycles. Formaldehyde and benzene must be controlled in the emissions of medium-duty diesel trucks to reduce their health threats. The results of this study will aid in establishing a national emission inventory system for HAPs of mobile sources in Korea.

Suggested Citation

  • Sungwoon Jung & Sunmoon Kim & Taekho Chung & Heekyoung Hong & Seunghwan Lee & Jaehyun Lim, 2021. "Emission Characteristics of Hazardous Air Pollutants from Medium-Duty Diesel Trucks Based on Driving Cycles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:14:p:7834-:d:593561
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tan, Pi-qiang & Zhong, Yi-mei & Hu, Zhi-yuan & Lou, Di-ming, 2017. "Size distributions, PAHs and inorganic ions of exhaust particles from a heavy duty diesel engine using B20 biodiesel with different exhaust aftertreatments," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 898-906.
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    1. Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa & Tommaso Selleri & Roberto Gioria & Anastasios D. Melas & Christian Ferrarese & Jacopo Franzetti & Bertold Arlitt & Naoki Nagura & Takaaki Hanada & Barouch Giechaskiel, 2022. "Real-Time Measurements of Formaldehyde Emissions from Modern Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-12, October.
    2. Elena Barrese & Marco Valentini & Marialuisa Scarpelli & Pasquale Samele & Luana Malacaria & Francesco D’Amico & Teresa Lo Feudo, 2024. "Assessment of Formaldehyde’s Impact on Indoor Environments and Human Health via the Integration of Satellite Tropospheric Total Columns and Outdoor Ground Sensors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-21, November.

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