IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i14p7808-d593269.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Investigating Smart City Development Based on Green Buildings, Electrical Vehicles and Feasible Indicators

Author

Listed:
  • Armin Razmjoo

    (Escola Técnica Superior dÉnginyeria Industrial de Barcelona (ETSEIB), Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Diagonal, 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Meysam Majidi Nezhad

    (Department of Astronautics, Electrical and Energy Engineering (DIAEE), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy)

  • Lisa Gakenia Kaigutha

    (Department of Math’s, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, North Umbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK)

  • Mousa Marzband

    (Department of Math’s, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, North Umbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
    Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Seyedali Mirjalili

    (Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research and Optimisation (AIRO), Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
    Yonsei Frontier Lab (YFL), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea)

  • Mehdi Pazhoohesh

    (School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK)

  • Saim Memon

    (Solar Thermal Vacuum Engineering Research Group, London Centre for Energy Engineering, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK)

  • Mehdi A. Ehyaei

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pardis Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pardis New City 1468995513, Iran)

  • Giuseppe Piras

    (Department of Astronautics, Electrical and Energy Engineering (DIAEE), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy)

Abstract

With a goal of achieving net-zero emissions by developing Smart Cities (SCs) and industrial decarbonization, there is a growing desire to decarbonize the renewable energy sector by accelerating green buildings (GBs) construction, electric vehicles (EVs), and ensuring long-term stability, with the expectation that emissions will need to be reduced by at least two thirds by 2035 and by at least 90% by 2050. Implementing GBs in urban areas and encouraging the use of EVs are cornerstones of transition towards SCs, and practical actions that governments can consider to help with improving the environment and develop SCs. This paper investigates different aspects of smart cities development and introduces new feasible indicators related to GBs and EVs in designing SCs, presenting existing barriers to smart cities development, and solutions to overcome them. The results demonstrate that feasible and achievable policies such as the development of the zero-energy, attention to design parameters, implementation of effective indicators for GBs and EVs, implementing strategies to reduce the cost of production of EVs whilst maintaining good quality standards, load management, and integrating EVs successfully into the electricity system, are important in smart cities development. Therefore, strategies to governments should consider the full dynamics and potential of socio-economic and climate change by implementing new energy policies on increasing investment in EVs, and GBs development by considering energy, energy, techno-economic, and environmental benefits.

Suggested Citation

  • Armin Razmjoo & Meysam Majidi Nezhad & Lisa Gakenia Kaigutha & Mousa Marzband & Seyedali Mirjalili & Mehdi Pazhoohesh & Saim Memon & Mehdi A. Ehyaei & Giuseppe Piras, 2021. "Investigating Smart City Development Based on Green Buildings, Electrical Vehicles and Feasible Indicators," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-14, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:14:p:7808-:d:593269
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/14/7808/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/14/7808/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Alexandre Lucas & Giuseppe Prettico & Marco Giacomo Flammini & Evangelos Kotsakis & Gianluca Fulli & Marcelo Masera, 2018. "Indicator-Based Methodology for Assessing EV Charging Infrastructure Using Exploratory Data Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-18, July.
    2. Rosario Ferrara, 2015. "The Smart City and the Green Economy in Europe: A Critical Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-11, May.
    3. Balta-Ozkan, Nazmiye & Davidson, Rosemary & Bicket, Martha & Whitmarsh, Lorraine, 2013. "Social barriers to the adoption of smart homes," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 363-374.
    4. Carmen Cantuarias-Villessuzanne & Romain Weigel & Jeffrey Blain, 2021. "Clustering of European Smart Cities to Understand the Cities’ Sustainability Strategies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-20, January.
    5. Chittum, Anna & Østergaard, Poul Alberg, 2014. "How Danish communal heat planning empowers municipalities and benefits individual consumers," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 465-474.
    6. Camus, C. & Farias, T. & Esteves, J., 2011. "Potential impacts assessment of plug-in electric vehicles on the Portuguese energy market," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(10), pages 5883-5897, October.
    7. Phap Vu Minh & Sang Le Quang & Manh-Hai Pham, 2021. "Technical Economic Analysis of Photovoltaic-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Stations under Different Solar Irradiation Conditions in Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-20, March.
    8. Jinqiu Li & Qingqin Wang & Hao Zhou, 2020. "Establishment of Key Performance Indicators for Green Building Operations Monitoring—An Application to China Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-20, February.
    9. Edward L. Glaeser & Matt Resseger & Kristina Tobio, 2009. "Inequality In Cities," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 49(4), pages 617-646, October.
    10. Ben Letaifa, Soumaya, 2015. "How to strategize smart cities: Revealing the SMART model," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(7), pages 1414-1419.
    11. Mosannenzadeh, Farnaz & Di Nucci, Maria Rosaria & Vettorato, Daniele, 2017. "Identifying and prioritizing barriers to implementation of smart energy city projects in Europe: An empirical approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 191-201.
    12. Zhen Liu & Ziyuan Chi & Mohamed Osmani & Peter Demian, 2021. "Blockchain and Building Information Management (BIM) for Sustainable Building Development within the Context of Smart Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-17, February.
    13. Mwasilu, Francis & Justo, Jackson John & Kim, Eun-Kyung & Do, Ton Duc & Jung, Jin-Woo, 2014. "Electric vehicles and smart grid interaction: A review on vehicle to grid and renewable energy sources integration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 501-516.
    14. Roberto Ruggieri & Marco Ruggeri & Giuliana Vinci & Stefano Poponi, 2021. "Electric Mobility in a Smart City: European Overview," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-29, January.
    15. Kumar, M. Satyendra & Revankar, Shripad T., 2017. "Development scheme and key technology of an electric vehicle: An overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 1266-1285.
    16. Razmjoo, A. & Gakenia Kaigutha, L. & Vaziri Rad, M.A. & Marzband, M. & Davarpanah, A. & Denai, M., 2021. "A Technical analysis investigating energy sustainability utilizing reliable renewable energy sources to reduce CO2 emissions in a high potential area," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 46-57.
    17. Unknown, 2016. "Energy for Sustainable Development," Conference Proceedings 253270, Guru Arjan Dev Institute of Development Studies (IDSAsr).
    18. Nicos Komninos & Marc Pallot & Hans Schaffers, 2013. "Special Issue on Smart Cities and the Future Internet in Europe," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 4(2), pages 119-134, June.
    19. GhaffarianHoseini, AmirHosein & Dahlan, Nur Dalilah & Berardi, Umberto & GhaffarianHoseini, Ali & Makaremi, Nastaran & GhaffarianHoseini, Mahdiar, 2013. "Sustainable energy performances of green buildings: A review of current theories, implementations and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 1-17.
    20. Renata Paola Dameri, 2014. "Comparing Smart and Digital City: Initiatives and Strategies in Amsterdam and Genoa. Are They Digital and/or Smart?," Progress in IS, in: Renata Paola Dameri & Camille Rosenthal-Sabroux (ed.), Smart City, edition 127, pages 45-88, Springer.
    21. Ahad Abessi & Elham Shirazi & Shahram Jadid & Miadreza Shafie-khah, 2020. "Sustainable and Resilient Smart House Using the Internal Combustion Engine of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-16, July.
    22. Kamankesh, Hamidreza & Agelidis, Vassilios G. & Kavousi-Fard, Abdollah, 2016. "Optimal scheduling of renewable micro-grids considering plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging demand," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 285-297.
    23. Leung, Dennis Y.C. & Caramanna, Giorgio & Maroto-Valer, M. Mercedes, 2014. "An overview of current status of carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 426-443.
    24. Neves, Ana Rita & Leal, Vítor, 2010. "Energy sustainability indicators for local energy planning: Review of current practices and derivation of a new framework," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(9), pages 2723-2735, December.
    25. Bruno Canizes & João Soares & Angelo Costa & Tiago Pinto & Fernando Lezama & Paulo Novais & Zita Vale, 2019. "Electric Vehicles’ User Charging Behaviour Simulator for a Smart City," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-20, April.
    26. Rana, Anber & Sadiq, Rehan & Alam, M. Shahria & Karunathilake, Hirushie & Hewage, Kasun, 2021. "Evaluation of financial incentives for green buildings in Canadian landscape," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    27. Shabana Urooj & Fadwa Alrowais & Yuvaraja Teekaraman & Hariprasath Manoharan & Ramya Kuppusamy, 2021. "IoT Based Electric Vehicle Application Using Boosting Algorithm for Smart Cities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-16, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Paul Plachinda & Julia Morgan & Maria Coelho, 2022. "Towards Net Zero: Modeling Approach to the Right-Sized Facilities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Mattia De Rosa & Vincenzo Bianco & Henrik Barth & Patricia Pereira da Silva & Carlos Vargas Salgado & Fabiano Pallonetto, 2023. "Technologies and Strategies to Support Energy Transition in Urban Building and Transportation Sectors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-16, May.
    3. Chandan Swaroop Meena & Ashwani Kumar & Siddharth Jain & Ateeq Ur Rehman & Sachin Mishra & Naveen Kumar Sharma & Mohit Bajaj & Muhammad Shafiq & Elsayed Tag Eldin, 2022. "Innovation in Green Building Sector for Sustainable Future," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-16, September.
    4. Ren, Yi-Shuai & Ma, Chao-Qun & Chen, Xun-Qi & Lei, Yu-Tian & Wang, Yi-Ran, 2023. "Sustainable finance and blockchain: A systematic review and research agenda," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    5. Yellapragada Venkata Pavan Kumar & Sivakavi Naga Venkata Bramareswara Rao & Kottala Padma & Challa Pradeep Reddy & Darsy John Pradeep & Aymen Flah & Habib Kraiem & Michał Jasiński & Srete Nikolovski, 2022. "Fuzzy Hysteresis Current Controller for Power Quality Enhancement in Renewable Energy Integrated Clusters," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-22, April.
    6. Sorin-George Toma & Cătălin Grădinaru & Oana-Simona Hudea & Andra Modreanu, 2023. "Perceptions and Attitudes of Generation Z Students towards the Responsible Management of Smart Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-40, September.
    7. Simona Bălășescu & Nicoleta Andreea Neacșu & Anca Madar & Alexandra Zamfirache & Marius Bălășescu, 2022. "Research of the Smart City Concept in Romanian Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-24, August.
    8. Fabienne T. Schiavo & Rodrigo F. Calili & Claudio F. de Magalhães & Isabel C. G. Fróes, 2021. "The Meaning of Electric Cars in the Context of Sustainable Transition in Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-24, October.
    9. Lydia Chu, 2023. "Why Do Consumers Buy Green Smart Buildings without Engaging in Energy-Saving Behaviors in the Workplace? The Perspective of Materialistic Value," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-9, June.
    10. Hsiao-Hsien Lin & I-Cheng Hsu & Tzu-Yun Lin & Le-Ming Tung & Ying Ling, 2022. "After the Epidemic, Is the Smart Traffic Management System a Key Factor in Creating a Green Leisure and Tourism Environment in the Move towards Sustainable Urban Development?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-22, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nripendra P. Rana & Sunil Luthra & Sachin Kumar Mangla & Rubina Islam & Sian Roderick & Yogesh K. Dwivedi, 2019. "Barriers to the Development of Smart Cities in Indian Context," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 21(3), pages 503-525, June.
    2. Parul Gupta & Sumedha Chauhan & M. P. Jaiswal, 2019. "Classification of Smart City Research - a Descriptive Literature Review and Future Research Agenda," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 21(3), pages 661-685, June.
    3. Fabienne T. Schiavo & Rodrigo F. Calili & Claudio F. de Magalhães & Isabel C. G. Fróes, 2021. "The Meaning of Electric Cars in the Context of Sustainable Transition in Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-24, October.
    4. Østergaard, P.A. & Lund, H. & Thellufsen, J.Z. & Sorknæs, P. & Mathiesen, B.V., 2022. "Review and validation of EnergyPLAN," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    5. Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar & Aneesh A. Chand & Maria Malvoni & Kushal A. Prasad & Kabir A. Mamun & F.R. Islam & Shauhrat S. Chopra, 2020. "Distributed Energy Resources and the Application of AI, IoT, and Blockchain in Smart Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-42, November.
    6. Guelpa, Elisa & Bischi, Aldo & Verda, Vittorio & Chertkov, Michael & Lund, Henrik, 2019. "Towards future infrastructures for sustainable multi-energy systems: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 2-21.
    7. Sellak, Hamza & Ouhbi, Brahim & Frikh, Bouchra & Palomares, Iván, 2017. "Towards next-generation energy planning decision-making: An expert-based framework for intelligent decision support," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1544-1577.
    8. Attour, Amel & Baudino, Marco & Krafft, Jackie & Lazaric, Nathalie, 2020. "Determinants of energy tracking application use at the city level: Evidence from France," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    9. Magdalena Tutak & Jarosław Brodny & Dominika Siwiec & Robert Ulewicz & Peter Bindzár, 2020. "Studying the Level of Sustainable Energy Development of the European Union Countries and Their Similarity Based on the Economic and Demographic Potential," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-31, December.
    10. Manuel Jesús Hermoso-Orzáez & Alfonso Gago-Calderón & José Ignacio Rojas-Sola, 2017. "Power Quality and Energy Efficiency in the Pre-Evaluation of an Outdoor Lighting Renewal with Light-Emitting Diode Technology: Experimental Study and Amortization Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-13, June.
    11. Paterakis, Nikolaos G. & Erdinç, Ozan & Catalão, João P.S., 2017. "An overview of Demand Response: Key-elements and international experience," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 871-891.
    12. Sonja Simon & Tobias Naegler & Hans Christian Gils, 2018. "Transformation towards a Renewable Energy System in Brazil and Mexico—Technological and Structural Options for Latin America," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-26, April.
    13. Chung-Shing Chan & Lawal M. Marafa, 2018. "Knowledge-Perception Bridge of Green-Smart Integration of Cities: An Empirical Study of Hong Kong," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-19, January.
    14. Rasmus Magni Johannsen & Poul Alberg Østergaard & David Maya-Drysdale & Louise Krog Elmegaard Mouritsen, 2021. "Designing Tools for Energy System Scenario Making in Municipal Energy Planning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-17, March.
    15. Dameri, Renata Paola & Benevolo, Clara & Veglianti, Eleonora & Li, Yaya, 2019. "Understanding smart cities as a glocal strategy: A comparison between Italy and China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 26-41.
    16. O’Dwyer, Edward & Pan, Indranil & Acha, Salvador & Shah, Nilay, 2019. "Smart energy systems for sustainable smart cities: Current developments, trends and future directions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C), pages 581-597.
    17. Wen, Jianping & Zhao, Dan & Zhang, Chuanwei, 2020. "An overview of electricity powered vehicles: Lithium-ion battery energy storage density and energy conversion efficiency," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1629-1648.
    18. Niesten, Eva & Alkemade, Floortje, 2016. "How is value created and captured in smart grids? A review of the literature and an analysis of pilot projects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 629-638.
    19. Schiavone, Francesco & Paolone, Francesco & Mancini, Daniela, 2019. "Business model innovation for urban smartization," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 210-219.
    20. Amel Attour & Marco Baudino & Jackie Krafft & Nathalie Lazaric, 2020. "Determinants of smart energy tracking application use at the city level: Evidence from France," Post-Print hal-02942483, HAL.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:14:p:7808-:d:593269. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.