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Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Runoff and Sediment Yield in Red Soil Slope Farmland under Natural Rainfall

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  • Xiaoan Chen

    (College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
    Jiangxi Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Prevention, Nanchang 330029, China)

  • Ziwei Liang

    (College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China)

  • Zhanyu Zhang

    (College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China)

  • Long Zhang

    (Jiangxi Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Prevention, Nanchang 330029, China)

Abstract

This paper analyzes the relationship between runoff, soil erosion, sediment particles, and natural rainfall characteristics on sloping farmland in the red soil region of southern China. The surface runoff and soil loss data were measured on runoff plots during 66 natural rainfall events from 2015 to 2018 in Jiangxi Province. The results show that the maximum 30-min rainfall intensity (I 30 ) is positively related to the runoff depth, soil erosion modulus, and sediment mean weight diameter (MWD). With the increase in I 30 during rainfall, the coarse sand content increases, and the fine sand content decreases. The average annual runoff of slope tillage, hedgerows with slope tillage, straw mulching with conventional tillage, and contour tillage decreased by 32.56%, 65.87%, 83.99%, and 87.30%, respectively, compared with that of bare land. Soil and water conservation measures can significantly reduce slope runoff. The flow-reduction effect of contour tillage and straw mulching with conventional tillage increases as I 30 increases, and the flow-reduction effect of hedgerows with slope tillage first increases and then decreases as I 30 increases. The coefficients of variation and standard deviations of the flow-reduction effects of different soil and water conservation measures decrease with increasing I 30 . The average annual soil erosion moduli of slope tillage, hedgerows with slope tillage, contour tillage, and straw mulching with conventional tillage decreased by 59.33%, 91.29%, 97.17%, and 98.45%, respectively, compared with that of bare land. Soil and water conservation measures can significantly reduce the sediment yield on slopes. The flow-reduction effects of hedgerows with slope tillage, contour tillage, and straw mulching with conventional tillage all increase with I 30 , and their coefficients of variation and standard deviations decrease with I 30 . The average single rainfall erosion sediment MWD of decreased by 5.91%, 8.33%, 9.69%, and 13.32%, respectively, compared with that of bare land. Straw mulching with conventional tillage can significantly reduce the MWD of erosion sediment, effectively reduce the content of coarse sand, and increase the content of fine sand. Straw mulching with conventional tillage is a very good soil and water conservation measure for sloping farmland. It not only has the best effect on reducing flow and sediment, but also can effectively intercept coarse sand and reduce the MWD of erosion sediment.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaoan Chen & Ziwei Liang & Zhanyu Zhang & Long Zhang, 2020. "Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Runoff and Sediment Yield in Red Soil Slope Farmland under Natural Rainfall," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-19, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:8:p:3417-:d:349076
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liu, Hongmei & Huang, Qiuqiong, 2013. "Adoption and continued use of contour cultivation in the highlands of southwest China," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 28-37.
    2. Dai, Cuiting & Liu, Yaojun & Wang, Tianwei & Li, Zhaoxia & Zhou, Yiwen, 2018. "Exploring optimal measures to reduce soil erosion and nutrient losses in southern China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 41-48.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Hao Li & Wenjing Zhao & Jing Wang & Xiaozhe Geng & Chunyu Song, 2024. "Evaluating the Accuracy of Contour Ridgeline Positioning for Soil Conservation in the Northeast Black Soil Region of China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-15, April.
    3. Li, Hongying & Zhu, Ningyuan & Qiao, Jun & Tang, Jun, 2024. "Evaluating the long-term effects of best management practices on pollution reduction and soil quality improvement in sloping farmland of the Three Gorges Reservoir area," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    4. Huang, Chunbo & Zhao, Dengyue & Liao, Qipeng & Xiao, Mingzhu, 2023. "Linking landscape dynamics to the relationship between water purification and soil retention," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    5. Fathia Jarray & Taoufik Hermassi & Mohamed Mechergui & Claudio Zucca & Quang Bao Le, 2023. "Long-Term Impact of Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Soil Erosion in a Tunisian Semi-Arid Watershed," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-20, August.
    6. Qi Luo & Lin Zhen & Yunfeng Hu, 2020. "The Effects of Restoration Practices on a Small Watershed in China’s Loess Plateau: A Case Study of the Qiaozigou Watershed," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-16, October.
    7. Aidin Parsakhoo & Seyed Ataollah Hosseini, 2023. "Effect of bioengineering treatments on reduction of soil erosion from road cut slope and fill slope," Journal of Forest Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 69(9), pages 367-376.

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