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Identifying optimal ridge practices under different rainfall types on runoff and soil loss from sloping farmland in a humid subtropical region of Southern China

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  • Zheng, Haijin
  • Nie, Xiaofei
  • Liu, Zhao
  • Mo, Minghao
  • Song, Yuejun

Abstract

The relationship between different rainfall types, different soil management practices, and soil erosion is not yet fully understood. In-situ observations of soil and water loss on sloping farmland in the red soil region of southern China with a subtropical monsoon environment were taken at 12 runoff plots with four treatments, i.e, downslope ridges, downslope ridges with hedgerow intercropping, contour ridges, and bare flat land as control, over a seven-year period from 2012 to 2018. During this time, 253 natural rainfall events were classified into three rainfall types by K-means clustering according to the rainfall depth, maximum-30 min rainfall intensity and rainfall duration, and surface runoff and soil erosion processes in relation to the rainfall types under different ridge practices were analyzed. The results show that water-induced soil erosion on the flat land control was significant, with average annual soil loss of 76.73 t·ha−1·yr−1, reaching the “intense erosion” classification, and ridge practices were confirmed to reduce annual runoff and soil loss in all rainfall events by 18.9–62.0% and 68.9–86.3%, respectively. On the whole, rainfall events can be divided into three types: intense, normal, and long-duration. Among them, intense and normal rainfall cause the majority of soil (88.5–93.7%) and water (75.0–83.8%) loss in this area, but the efficiencies in runoff and soil reduction during long-duration rainfall events were the lowest, or even negative on farmlands with only downslope ridges. 20% of the total rainfall events, in which 84.3–92.2% were intense and normal rainfall events, contributed to 29–33% of the total rainfall depth, 68–89% of the total runoff depth, and 94–98% of the total soil loss. Rainfall depth played a dominant role in generating runoff, while runoff accumulation was a main factor influencing on soil loss. Findings from our study indicate that by choosing a more appropriate ridge practice according to different rainfall types, there can be a positive effect on soil and water conservation.

Suggested Citation

  • Zheng, Haijin & Nie, Xiaofei & Liu, Zhao & Mo, Minghao & Song, Yuejun, 2021. "Identifying optimal ridge practices under different rainfall types on runoff and soil loss from sloping farmland in a humid subtropical region of Southern China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:255:y:2021:i:c:s0378377421003085
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107043
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Bin Huang & Zaijian Yuan & Mingguo Zheng & Yishan Liao & Kim Loi Nguyen & Thi Hong Nguyen & Samran Sombatpanit & Dingqiang Li, 2022. "Soil and Water Conservation Techniques in Tropical and Subtropical Asia: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-19, April.
    3. Chenhui Li & Wenhai Shi & Mingbin Huang, 2023. "Effects of Crop Rotation and Topography on Soil Erosion and Nutrient Loss under Natural Rainfall Conditions on the Chinese Loess Plateau," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-16, January.

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