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Functional Autonomy Evaluation Levels in Middle-Aged and Older Spanish Women: On Behalf of the Healthy-Age Network

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  • Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo

    (Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM) and Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
    Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Noelia González-Gálvez

    (Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM) and Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
    Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal

    (Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM) and Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
    Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Gemma María Gea-García

    (Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM) and Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
    Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Abraham López-Vivancos

    (Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM) and Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
    Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Alejandro Espeso-García

    (Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM) and Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
    Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Daniel Velázquez-Díaz

    (Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain
    Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain)

  • Ana Carbonell-Baeza

    (Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain
    Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain)

  • David Jiménez-Pavón

    (Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain
    Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain)

  • Juliana Brandão Pinto de Castro

    (Laboratory of Exercise and Sport (LABEES), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), 20550 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

  • Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale

    (Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    Laboratory of Exercise and Sport (LABEES), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), 20550 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Estacio de Sá University, 22640-102 Cabo Frio, Brazil)

Abstract

Aging is associated with a progressive loss of functional capacity that affects the health and quality of life of middle-aged and older people. The purpose of this study was to report functional autonomy evaluation levels in middle-aged and older women in the Spanish context. A total of 709 middle-aged and older women, between 50 and 90 years old, were selected to participate in the study. The sample was divided by age category every five years. The functional autonomy levels were determined by the Latin American Group for Maturity (GDLAM) protocol and we developed a classification pattern for middle-aged and older women living in Spain. The GDLAM Index (GI) was then calculated to assess functional autonomy. The classification of the tests and the GI followed the percentile rank (P) Very Good ( p < 0.15), Good ( p 0.16– p 0.50), Regular ( p 0.51– p 0.85), and Poor ( p > 0.85). It was considered that the lower the value found for the percentile, the better the result. The GDLAM protocol showed strong reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values greater than 0.92 in all tests. It is observed that all variables of the GDLAM protocol presented a positive and significant correlation with age ( p < 0.001). The Roc Curve showed that GI values higher than 26 (CI95% = 0.97–1.00; p < 0.001) and 32 (CI95% = 0.98–1.00; p < 0.001) for middle-aged and elderly women, respectively, can predict and indicate low functional autonomy. The normative values hereby provided will enable evaluation and adequate interpretation of Spanish middle-aged and older women’s functional autonomy.

Suggested Citation

  • Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo & Noelia González-Gálvez & Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal & Gemma María Gea-García & Abraham López-Vivancos & Alejandro Espeso-García & Daniel Velázquez-Díaz & Ana Carbonell-Baeza &, 2020. "Functional Autonomy Evaluation Levels in Middle-Aged and Older Spanish Women: On Behalf of the Healthy-Age Network," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-15, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:21:p:9208-:d:440483
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ángel Iván Fernández-García & Alba Gómez-Cabello & Ana Moradell & David Navarrete-Villanueva & Jorge Pérez-Gómez & Ignacio Ara & Raquel Pedrero-Chamizo & Jorge Subías-Perié & Borja Muniz-Pardos & José, 2020. "How to Improve the Functional Capacity of Frail and Pre-Frail Elderly People? Health, Nutritional Status and Exercise Intervention. The EXERNET-Elder 3.0 Project," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-31, August.
    2. Giuseppe Battaglia & Valerio Giustino & Giuseppe Messina & Mariangela Faraone & Jessica Brusa & Anna Bordonali & Mario Barbagallo & Antonio Palma & Ligia-Juliana Dominguez, 2020. "Walking in Natural Environments as Geriatrician’s Recommendation for Fall Prevention: Preliminary Outcomes from the “Passiata Day” Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-9, March.
    3. Xian Mayo & Antonio Luque-Casado & Alfonso Jimenez & Fernando del Villar, 2020. "Physical Activity Levels for Girls and Young Adult Women versus Boys and Young Adult Men in Spain: A Gender Gap Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-7, August.
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    1. Ayrton Moraes Ramos & Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo & Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale & Lucio Marques Vieira-Souza & Bruno de Freitas Camilo & Estélio Henrique Martin-Dantas, 2022. "Resistance Circuit Training or Walking Training: Which Program Improves Muscle Strength and Functional Autonomy More in Older Women?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-11, July.

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