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Modeling and Uncertainty Analysis of Groundwater Level Using Six Evolutionary Optimization Algorithms Hybridized with ANFIS, SVM, and ANN

Author

Listed:
  • Akram Seifi

    (Department of Water Science & Engineering, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran)

  • Mohammad Ehteram

    (Department of Water Engineering and Hydraulic Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan 35131-19111, Iran)

  • Vijay P. Singh

    (Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering & Zachry Department of Civil Engineering Texas A&M University College Station, Texas, TX 77843-2117, USA)

  • Amir Mosavi

    (Thuringian Institute of Sustainability and Climate Protection, 07743 Jena, Germany
    Institute of Automation, Obuda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary
    Department of Mathematics and Informatics, J. Selye University, 94501 Komarno, Slovakia
    Institute of Structural Mechanics, Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, 99423 Weimar, Germany)

Abstract

In the present study, six meta-heuristic schemes are hybridized with artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system (ANFIS), and support vector machine (SVM), to predict monthly groundwater level (GWL), evaluate uncertainty analysis of predictions and spatial variation analysis. The six schemes, including grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA), cat swarm optimization (CSO), weed algorithm (WA), genetic algorithm (GA), krill algorithm (KA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO), were used to hybridize for improving the performance of ANN, SVM, and ANFIS models. Groundwater level (GWL) data of Ardebil plain (Iran) for a period of 144 months were selected to evaluate the hybrid models. The pre-processing technique of principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce input combinations from monthly time series up to 12-month prediction intervals. The results showed that the ANFIS-GOA was superior to the other hybrid models for predicting GWL in the first piezometer (RMSE:1.21, MAE:0.878, NSE:0.93, PBIAS:0.15, R 2 :0.93), second piezometer (RMSE:1.22, MAE:0.881, NSE:0.92, PBIAS:0.17, R 2 :0.94), and third piezometer (RMSE:1.23, MAE:0.911, NSE:0.91, PBIAS:0.19, R 2 :0.94) in the testing stage. The performance of hybrid models with optimization algorithms was far better than that of classical ANN, ANFIS, and SVM models without hybridization. The percent of improvements in the ANFIS-GOA versus standalone ANFIS in piezometer 10 were 14.4%, 3%, 17.8%, and 181% for RMSE, MAE, NSE, and PBIAS in training stage and 40.7%, 55%, 25%, and 132% in testing stage, respectively. The improvements for piezometer 6 in train step were 15%, 4%, 13%, and 208% and in test step were 33%, 44.6%, 16.3%, and 173%, respectively, that clearly confirm the superiority of developed hybridization schemes in GWL modelling. Uncertainty analysis showed that ANFIS-GOA and SVM had, respectively, the best and worst performances among other models. In general, GOA enhanced the accuracy of the ANFIS, ANN, and SVM models.

Suggested Citation

  • Akram Seifi & Mohammad Ehteram & Vijay P. Singh & Amir Mosavi, 2020. "Modeling and Uncertainty Analysis of Groundwater Level Using Six Evolutionary Optimization Algorithms Hybridized with ANFIS, SVM, and ANN," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-42, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:10:p:4023-:d:358216
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    References listed on IDEAS

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