IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v11y2019i8p2249-d222759.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Speed Optimization vs Speed Reduction: the Choice between Speed Limits and a Bunker Levy

Author

Listed:
  • Harilaos N. Psaraftis

    (DTU Management, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark)

Abstract

“Speed optimization and speed reduction” are included in the set of candidate short-term measures under discussion at the International Maritime Organization (IMO), in the quest to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships. However, there is much confusion on what either speed optimization or speed reduction may mean, and some stakeholders have proposed mandatory speed limits as a measure to achieve GHG emissions reduction. The purpose of this paper is to shed some light into this debate, and specifically examine whether reducing speed by imposing a speed limit is better than doing the same by imposing a bunker levy. To that effect, the two options are compared. The main result of the paper is that the speed limit option exhibits a number of deficiencies as an instrument to reduce GHG emissions, at least vis-à-vis the bunker levy option.

Suggested Citation

  • Harilaos N. Psaraftis, 2019. "Speed Optimization vs Speed Reduction: the Choice between Speed Limits and a Bunker Levy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-18, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:8:p:2249-:d:222759
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/8/2249/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/8/2249/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Thalis Zis & Robin Jacob North & Panagiotis Angeloudis & Washington Yotto Ochieng & Michael Geoffrey Harrison Bell, 2014. "Evaluation of cold ironing and speed reduction policies to reduce ship emissions near and at ports," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 16(4), pages 371-398, December.
    2. Magirou, Evangelos F. & Psaraftis, Harilaos N. & Bouritas, Theodore, 2015. "The economic speed of an oceangoing vessel in a dynamic setting," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 48-67.
    3. Ali Cheaitou & Pierre Cariou, 2012. "Liner shipping service optimisation with reefer containers capacity: an application to northern Europe--South America trade," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(6), pages 589-602, November.
    4. Harilaos N. Psaraftis, 2016. "Green Maritime Transportation: Market Based Measures," International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, in: Harilaos N. Psaraftis (ed.), Green Transportation Logistics, edition 127, chapter 0, pages 267-297, Springer.
    5. Harilaos N. Psaraftis & Christos A. Kontovas, 2015. "Slow Steaming in Maritime Transportation: Fundamentals, Trade-offs, and Decision Models," International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, in: Chung-Yee Lee & Qiang Meng (ed.), Handbook of Ocean Container Transport Logistics, edition 127, chapter 11, pages 315-358, Springer.
    6. Du, Yuquan & Chen, Qiushuang & Quan, Xiongwen & Long, Lei & Fung, Richard Y.K., 2011. "Berth allocation considering fuel consumption and vessel emissions," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 47(6), pages 1021-1037.
    7. Stefanos D. Chatzinikolaou & Nikolaos P. Ventikos, 2016. "Critical Analysis of Air Emissions from Ships: Lifecycle Thinking and Results," International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, in: Harilaos N. Psaraftis (ed.), Green Transportation Logistics, edition 127, chapter 0, pages 387-412, Springer.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Tayfun Uyanık & Yunus Yalman & Özcan Kalenderli & Yasin Arslanoğlu & Yacine Terriche & Chun-Lien Su & Josep M. Guerrero, 2022. "Data-Driven Approach for Estimating Power and Fuel Consumption of Ship: A Case of Container Vessel," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(22), pages 1-21, November.
    2. Harilaos N. Psaraftis & Christos A. Kontovas, 2020. "Influence and transparency at the IMO: the name of the game," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 22(2), pages 151-172, June.
    3. Chao-Feng Gao & Zhi-Hua Hu, 2021. "Speed Optimization for Container Ship Fleet Deployment Considering Fuel Consumption," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-18, May.
    4. Monica Grosso & Fabio Luis Marques dos Santos & Konstantinos Gkoumas & Marcin Stępniak & Ferenc Pekár, 2021. "The Role of Research and Innovation in Europe for the Decarbonisation of Waterborne Transport," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-21, September.
    5. Harilaos N. Psaraftis & Thalis Zis, 2021. "Impact assessment of a mandatory operational goal-based short-term measure to reduce GHG emissions from ships: the LDC/SIDS case study," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 21(3), pages 445-467, September.
    6. Zhang, Ming & Zeng, Xianyang & Tan, Zhijia, 2024. "Joint decision of green technology adoption and sailing pattern for a coastal ship under ECAs," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 102-113.
    7. Xi Jiang & Haijun Mao & Yadong Wang & Hao Zhang, 2020. "Liner Shipping Schedule Design for Near-Sea Routes Considering Big Customers’ Preferences on Ship Arrival Time," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-20, September.
    8. Xing, Hui & Spence, Stephen & Chen, Hua, 2020. "A comprehensive review on countermeasures for CO2 emissions from ships," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    9. Liqian Yang & Gang Chen & Jinlou Zhao & Niels Gorm Malý Rytter, 2020. "Ship Speed Optimization Considering Ocean Currents to Enhance Environmental Sustainability in Maritime Shipping," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-24, May.
    10. Fan, Lixian & Gu, Bingmei & Luo, Meifeng, 2020. "A cost-benefit analysis of fuel-switching vs. hybrid scrubber installation: A container route through the Chinese SECA case," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 336-344.
    11. Adland, Roar & Cariou, Pierre & Wolff, Francois-Charles, 2020. "Optimal ship speed and the cubic law revisited: Empirical evidence from an oil tanker fleet," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    12. Maksymilian Mądziel, 2023. "Future Cities Carbon Emission Models: Hybrid Vehicle Emission Modelling for Low-Emission Zones," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-16, October.
    13. Nestor Goicoechea & Luis María Abadie, 2021. "Optimal Slow Steaming Speed for Container Ships under the EU Emission Trading System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-25, November.
    14. Dan Zhuge & Shuaian Wang & Lu Zhen & Gilbert Laporte, 2021. "Subsidy design in a vessel speed reduction incentive program under government policies," Naval Research Logistics (NRL), John Wiley & Sons, vol. 68(3), pages 344-358, April.
    15. Ge, Fangsheng & Beullens, Patrick & Hudson, Dominic, 2021. "Optimal economic ship speeds, the chain effect, and future profit potential," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 168-196.
    16. Hui-Huang Tai & Yun-Hua Chang, 2022. "Reducing pollutant emissions from vessel maneuvering in port areas," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 24(3), pages 651-671, September.
    17. Roar Adland & Pierre Cariou & Francois-Charles Wolff, 2020. "Optimal ship speed and the cubic law revisited: Empirical evidence from an oil tanker fleet," Post-Print hal-03422276, HAL.
    18. Beullens, Patrick & Ge, Fangsheng & Hudson, Dominic, 2023. "The economic ship speed under time charter contract—A cash flow approach," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Harilaos N. Psaraftis, 2019. "Speed optimization versus speed reduction: Are speed limits better than a bunker levy?," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 21(4), pages 524-542, December.
    2. Bektaş, Tolga & Ehmke, Jan Fabian & Psaraftis, Harilaos N. & Puchinger, Jakob, 2019. "The role of operational research in green freight transportation," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 274(3), pages 807-823.
    3. Maxim A. Dulebenets & Junayed Pasha & Olumide F. Abioye & Masoud Kavoosi, 2021. "Vessel scheduling in liner shipping: a critical literature review and future research needs," Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal, Springer, vol. 33(1), pages 43-106, March.
    4. Thalis P. V. Zis & Harilaos N. Psaraftis, 2022. "Impacts of short-term measures to decarbonize maritime transport on perishable cargoes," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 24(3), pages 602-629, September.
    5. Christian Va Karsten & Stefan Ropke & David Pisinger, 2018. "Simultaneous Optimization of Container Ship Sailing Speed and Container Routing with Transit Time Restrictions," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 52(4), pages 769-787, August.
    6. Qiang Meng & Shuaian Wang & Henrik Andersson & Kristian Thun, 2014. "Containership Routing and Scheduling in Liner Shipping: Overview and Future Research Directions," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 48(2), pages 265-280, May.
    7. Manuel Herrera & Per J. Agrell & Casiano Manrique-de-Lara-Peñate & Lourdes Trujillo, 2017. "Vessel capacity restrictions in the fleet deployment problem: an application to the Panama Canal," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 253(2), pages 845-869, June.
    8. Zhen, Lu & Wang, Wencheng & Lin, Shumin, 2022. "Analytical comparison on two incentive policies for shore power equipped ships in berthing activities," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    9. Xi Jiang & Haijun Mao & Yadong Wang & Hao Zhang, 2020. "Liner Shipping Schedule Design for Near-Sea Routes Considering Big Customers’ Preferences on Ship Arrival Time," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-20, September.
    10. Tichavska, Miluše & Tovar, Beatriz, 2015. "Port-city exhaust emission model: An application to cruise and ferry operations in Las Palmas Port," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 347-360.
    11. He, Qie & Zhang, Xiaochen & Nip, Kameng, 2017. "Speed optimization over a path with heterogeneous arc costs," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 198-214.
    12. Wang, Shuaian & Meng, Qiang, 2012. "Liner ship route schedule design with sea contingency time and port time uncertainty," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 46(5), pages 615-633.
    13. Nanxi Wang & Daofang Chang & Xiaowei Shi & Jun Yuan & Yinping Gao, 2019. "Analysis and Design of Typical Automated Container Terminals Layout Considering Carbon Emissions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-40, May.
    14. Xing, Hui & Spence, Stephen & Chen, Hua, 2020. "A comprehensive review on countermeasures for CO2 emissions from ships," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    15. Wang, Shuaian & Meng, Qiang & Liu, Zhiyuan, 2013. "Bunker consumption optimization methods in shipping: A critical review and extensions," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 49-62.
    16. Zhen, Lu & Shen, Tao & Wang, Shuaian & Yu, Shucheng, 2016. "Models on ship scheduling in transshipment hubs with considering bunker cost," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 111-121.
    17. Tang, Ruoli & Li, Xin & Lai, Jingang, 2018. "A novel optimal energy-management strategy for a maritime hybrid energy system based on large-scale global optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 254-264.
    18. Wang, Shuaian & Qu, Xiaobo & Yang, Ying, 2015. "Estimation of the perceived value of transit time for containerized cargoes," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 298-308.
    19. Anastasia Christodoulou & Kevin Cullinane, 0. "Potential for, and drivers of, private voluntary initiatives for the decarbonisation of short sea shipping: evidence from a Swedish ferry line," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 0, pages 1-23.
    20. Wang, Tingsong & Wang, Xinchang & Meng, Qiang, 2018. "Joint berth allocation and quay crane assignment under different carbon taxation policies," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 117(PA), pages 18-36.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:8:p:2249-:d:222759. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.