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Forest Management and Climate Change Mitigation: A Review on Carbon Cycle Flow Models for the Sustainability of Resources

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  • Leonel J.R. Nunes

    (ICAAM—Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Pólo da Mitra, Universidade de Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal)

  • Catarina I.R. Meireles

    (ICAAM—Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Pólo da Mitra, Universidade de Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal)

  • Carlos J. Pinto Gomes

    (ICAAM—Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Pólo da Mitra, Universidade de Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
    Departamento da Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Colégio Luís António Verney, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7001-671 Évora, Portugal)

  • Nuno M.C. Almeida Ribeiro

    (ICAAM—Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Pólo da Mitra, Universidade de Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
    Departamento de Fitotecnia, Pólo da Mitra, Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal)

Abstract

With climate change being a certainty, which today is probably the biggest challenge humanity is facing, and also accepting that greenhouse gas emissions are the main cause accelerating climate change, there is an urgent need to find solutions that lead to the mitigation of the already intense, and in some cases, even violent, effects. Forests can most easily work as carbon sinks. However, it is convenient to analyze the residence time of this carbon in forests, as this residence time will depend on the type of forest management used. This paper aims to analyze forest management models from a perspective of carbon residence time in forests, dividing the models into three types: carbon conservation, carbon storage, and carbon substitution. Carbon conservation models are those models in which the amounts of carbon stored only replace the carbon released, mainly by the industrial use of raw materials. Carbon storage models are models that foster the growth of forest areas to ensure that the amount of carbon stored grows, and where the ratio clearly leans towards sequestration and storage. Carbon substitution models are models that move towards the substitution of fossil carbon by renewable carbon, thus contributing to the creation of a neutral flow.

Suggested Citation

  • Leonel J.R. Nunes & Catarina I.R. Meireles & Carlos J. Pinto Gomes & Nuno M.C. Almeida Ribeiro, 2019. "Forest Management and Climate Change Mitigation: A Review on Carbon Cycle Flow Models for the Sustainability of Resources," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-10, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:19:p:5276-:d:270666
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Adam Kaliszewski & Marek Jabłoński, 2022. "Is It Possible for Poland to Achieve the Policy Goal of 33% Forest Cover by Mid-Century?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-18, May.
    2. Liu, Yingying & Chen, Sha & Jiang, Kejun & Kaghembega, Wendkuuni Steve-Harold, 2022. "The gaps and pathways to carbon neutrality for different type cities in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PA).
    3. Yingchang Li & Mingyang Li & Yuehui Wang, 2022. "Forest Aboveground Biomass Estimation and Response to Climate Change Based on Remote Sensing Data," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-27, October.
    4. Cosmin Ion Braga & Stefan Petrea & Gheorghe Raul Radu & Alexandru Bogdan Cucu & Tibor Serban & Alexandru Zaharia & Stefan Leca, 2024. "Carbon Sequestration Dynamics in Peri-Urban Forests: Comparing Secondary Succession and Mature Stands under Varied Forest Management Practices," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-16, April.

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