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The Effects of Tillage and Straw Incorporation on Soil Organic Carbon Status, Rice Crop Productivity, and Sustainability in the Rice-Wheat Cropping System of Eastern China

Author

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  • Muhammad Sohail Memon

    (College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
    Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, 70060 Tando Jam, Pakistan)

  • Jun Guo

    (Yancheng Vocational Institute of Industry Technology, Yancheng 224005, China)

  • Ahmed Ali Tagar

    (Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, 70060 Tando Jam, Pakistan)

  • Nazia Perveen

    (State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China)

  • Changying Ji

    (College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China)

  • Shamim Ara Memon

    (Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, 70060 Tando Jam, Pakistan)

  • Noreena Memon

    (Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, 70060 Tando Jam, Pakistan)

Abstract

Soil management practices are used to enhance soil organic carbon, fertility, and crop productivity around the world. However, accurate information about the appropriate amount of straw incorporation is not available, because it is generally believed that at least 30% of the soil surface should be covered by straw, which is not implemented in all field environments. Therefore, a two-year (2016–2017) field experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of different percentages of straw incorporation and tillage methods, i.e., reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT), on crop yield, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and soil carbon storage (SCS) in rice–wheat cropping systems, under eight treatments. The experimental results showed that the greatest reduction in soil dry bulk density ( ρ b ) was found under CT with 100% straw coverage (9.79%), whereas the least reduction occurred under CT with no straw (1.31%). The mean TN concentration, soil organic matter (SOM), and soil carbon storage (SCS) were significantly higher by 0.98 g/kg, 17.07%, and 14.20%, respectively, under reduced tillage with 60% straw incorporation (RTsi 60 ) compared with all other treatments. Our findings demonstrate that the incorporated wheat residues resulted in the highest rice production (7.95–8.63 t/ha) under RTsi 60 . We recommend the adoption of reduced tillage with 60% straw incorporation to increase rice yield, improve soil structure, and enhance TN, SOM, and SCS in paddy soil under rice-wheat rotation fields for agricultural sustainability.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Sohail Memon & Jun Guo & Ahmed Ali Tagar & Nazia Perveen & Changying Ji & Shamim Ara Memon & Noreena Memon, 2018. "The Effects of Tillage and Straw Incorporation on Soil Organic Carbon Status, Rice Crop Productivity, and Sustainability in the Rice-Wheat Cropping System of Eastern China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-14, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:4:p:961-:d:138092
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ladha, J.K. & Fischer, K.S. & Hossain, M. & Hobbs, P.R. & Hardy, B., 2000. "Improving the.Productivity and Sustainability of Rice-Wheat Systems of the lndo-Gangetic Plains: A Synthesis of NARS-IRRI Partnership Research," IRRI Discussion Papers 287597, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI).
    2. Gulab Singh Yadav & Rahul Datta & Shamina Imran Pathan & Rattan Lal & Ram Swaroop Meena & Subhash Babu & Anup Das & S. N. Bhowmik & Mrinmoy Datta & Poulami Saha & Pawan Kumar Mishra, 2017. "Effects of Conservation Tillage and Nutrient Management Practices on Soil Fertility and Productivity of Rice ( Oryza sativa L.)–Rice System in North Eastern Region of India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-17, October.
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    2. A. S. Panwar & M. Shamim & Subhash Babu & N. Ravishankar & Ashisa Kumar Prusty & N. M. Alam & D. K. Singh & J. S. Bindhu & Jashanjot Kaur & L. N. Dashora & M. D. Latheef Pasha & Soumitra Chaterjee & M, 2018. "Enhancement in Productivity, Nutrients Use Efficiency, and Economics of Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems in India through Farmer’s Participatory Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-26, December.
    3. Song, Jiashen & Zhang, Hongyuan & Chang, Fangdi & Yu, Ru & Wang, Jing & Wang, Xiquan & Li, Yuyi, 2022. "If the combination of straw interlayer and irrigation water reduction maintained sunflower yield by boosting soil fertility and improving bacterial community in arid and saline areas," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    4. Naijuan Hu & Qian Chen & Liqun Zhu, 2019. "The Responses of Soil N 2 O Emissions to Residue Returning Systems: A Meta-Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-17, January.
    5. Shengchun Li & Yilin Zhang & Lihao Guo & Xiaofang Li, 2022. "Impact of Tillage and Straw Treatment Methods on Rice Growth and Yields in a Rice–Ratoon Rice Cropping System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-13, July.
    6. Gang Zhang & Dejian Wang & Yuanchun Yu, 2020. "Investigation into the Effects of Straw Retention and Nitrogen Reduction on CH 4 and N 2 O Emissions from Paddy Fields in the Lower Yangtze River Region, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-18, February.
    7. Chunxia Jiang & Zhixiong Lu & Wenbin Dong & Bo Cao & Kyoosik Shin, 2023. "Measurement and Analysis of the Influence Factors of Tractor Tire Contact Area Based on a Multiple Linear Regression Equation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-12, June.
    8. Prabhjit Kaur & Kulvir Singh Saini & Sandeep Sharma & Jashanjot Kaur & Rajan Bhatt & Saud Alamri & Alanoud T. Alfagham & Sadam Hussain, 2023. "Increasing the Efficiency of the Rice–Wheat Cropping System through Integrated Nutrient Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-18, August.
    9. Muhammad Sohail Memon & Zhou Jun & Chuanliang Sun & Chunxia Jiang & Weiyue Xu & Qiong Hu & Hangxu Yang & Changying Ji, 2019. "Assessment of Wheat Straw Cover and Yield Performance in a Rice-Wheat Cropping System by Using Landsat Satellite Data," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-21, September.

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