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Social Justice: Disparities in Average Earnings across Portuguese Municipalities

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  • Vítor João Pereira Domingues Martinho

    (Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (IPV), Agricultural School (ESAV) and CI&DETS, Viseu 3504-510, Portugal
    Centre for Transdisciplinary Development Studies (CETRAD), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real 5000-801, Portugal)

Abstract

An ever-ongoing discussion these days involves the disparities in monthly earnings across different genders, geographical locations, levels of education, economic sectors, and skills and careers, with various economic and social consequences. In fact, in a framework such as that in which we live in nowadays (with pertinent concerns about economic and social convergences across several indicators), investigating these disparities would be interesting in order to complement the basis that is considered for the design of social policies. There are few studies considering the approaches here developed for this topic. The objective of this study is to analyse the disparities in the average monthly earnings received by employees across Portuguese mainland municipalities over the period 2004–2012, considering as additional analysis criteria geographical location, gender, levels of qualification, levels of education, economic sectors, professional activities, and further qualifications. For this both a cluster and factor analysis were considered to better identify municipalities with similar characteristics and correlations among variables. The results show that the disparities in the monthly average earnings between the Portuguese municipalities are related to three indexes associated with gender, qualifications, and chosen professions. The findings presented are specific to the Portuguese framework; however, the approaches developed in this study may be applied in other contexts to explore the dynamics related with the topic of social justice.

Suggested Citation

  • Vítor João Pereira Domingues Martinho, 2019. "Social Justice: Disparities in Average Earnings across Portuguese Municipalities," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-17, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:125-:d:224412
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    References listed on IDEAS

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