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The Use of Human Capital and Limitations of Social Capital in Advancing Economic Security among Immigrant Women Living in Central Alberta, Canada

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  • Choon-Lee Chai

    (Department of Sociology, Red Deer College, Red Deer, AB T4N 5H5, Canada)

  • Kayla Ueland

    (Faculty of Law, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N42, Canada)

  • Tabitha Phiri

    (Center Alberta Immigrant Women’s Association, Red Deer, AB T4N 4A3, Canada)

Abstract

In this research, the challenges of using human capital and the effectiveness of social capital as an alternative resource used by immigrant women from non-English-speaking countries living in Central Alberta for them to attain economic security are studied. Evidence indicates heavy use of bonding social capital by immigrant women—primarily through family, ethnic, and religious networks—as a “survival” resource at the initial stage of settlement. The bonding social capital is relatively easy to access; nevertheless, in the case of visible minority immigrant women living in Central Alberta, bonding social capital has limited capacity in helping them to obtain economic security because their family and friends themselves often lack economic resources. As a result, these immigrant women are expected to compete in the labor market using their human capital to obtain higher-paying jobs. The challenge among immigrant women remains in seeking recognition of non-Canadian credentials, and/or successful acquisition and deployment of Canadian credentials in the primary labor market.

Suggested Citation

  • Choon-Lee Chai & Kayla Ueland & Tabitha Phiri, 2018. "The Use of Human Capital and Limitations of Social Capital in Advancing Economic Security among Immigrant Women Living in Central Alberta, Canada," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 7(11), pages 1-25, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:7:y:2018:i:11:p:220-:d:180637
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Agnieszka Kanas & Barry R. Chiswick & Tanja Lippe & Frank Tubergen, 2012. "Social Contacts and the Economic Performance of Immigrants: A Panel Study of Immigrants in G ermany," International Migration Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(3), pages 680-709, September.
    2. Ana Ferrer & David A. Green & W. Craig Riddell, 2006. "The Effect of Literacy on Immigrant Earnings," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 41(2).
    3. Katherine Scrivens & Conal Smith, 2013. "Four Interpretations of Social Capital: An Agenda for Measurement," OECD Statistics Working Papers 2013/6, OECD Publishing.
    4. McBride, Stephan & Sweetman, Arthur, 2004. "Postsecondary Field of Study and the Canadian Labour Market Outcomes of Immigrants and Non-immigrants," Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series 2004233e, Statistics Canada, Analytical Studies Branch.
    5. Sweetman, Arthur, 2004. "Immigrant Source Country Educational Quality and Canadian Labour Market Outcomes," Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series 2004234e, Statistics Canada, Analytical Studies Branch.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Marina Morgenshtern, 2019. "“My Family’s Weight on My Shoulders”: Experiences of Jewish Immigrant Women from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) in Toronto," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-23, March.
    3. Georgina Chuatico & Michael Haan & Lindsay Finlay, 2023. "Forms of Capital in the Economic Integration of Immigrants in Canada," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 587-610, June.

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