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Assessing the Effectiveness and Justice of Protected Areas Governance: Issues and Situated Pathways to Environmental Policies in Río Negro National Park, Paraguay

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  • Michelle Bonatti

    (Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
    Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Life Sciences Thaer-Institute, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany)

  • Sabeth Bayer

    (Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany)

  • Kamila Pope

    (Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany)

  • Luca Eufemia

    (Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
    Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Life Sciences Thaer-Institute, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany)

  • Ana Paula Dias Turetta

    (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA Soils), Rio de Janeiro 22460-000, Brazil)

  • Crystal Tremblay

    (Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada)

  • Stefan Sieber

    (Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
    Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Life Sciences Thaer-Institute, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany)

Abstract

Protected areas are a fundamental element for the protection of ecological integrity and, in some cases, the livelihood of local communities worldwide. They are also embedded in socio-ecological systems, and their management is subject to various political, economic, and social influences. Good governance of protected areas is recognized as a decisive aspect of ecological conservation, which is at risk in institutional contexts where there is a weak scope of action alongside issues with misrecognition of key actors and their representation in procedures. In this context, the present study case aims to assess the performance of the Río Negro National Park governance system in terms of effectiveness and justice to enable the identification of strategies to improve this protected area governance system for the achievement of its desired outcomes. Using the social-ecological systems approach, this paper proposes an analytical framework for the performance assessment, including both the effectiveness and justice of the governance of socio-ecological systems, stemming from the socio-ecological justice framework. It uses mixed methods based on semi-structured in-depth interviews supplemented by a focus group discussion, participant observation, and secondary data analysis. Results show that the governance of Río Negro National Park is negatively impacted by low-capacity, a lack of human, financial, and technical resources, as well as the lack of recognition of the indigenous community of the Yshiro and the rural community as key actors, leading to a lack of representation of their interests, values, and knowledge in norm-making and decision-making processes. The findings unveil some windows for improvement through better-designed environmental policies specifically based on collective action and social learning. The results demonstrate that effectiveness and justice influence each other and, therefore, are deeply intertwined. From the assessment conducted, the paper highlights the components of the governance system that should be improved to achieve good governance of the protected area as a socio-ecological system, promoting the ecological integrity and the dignity of life (socio-ecological justice) of the individuals and communities that are part of this system.

Suggested Citation

  • Michelle Bonatti & Sabeth Bayer & Kamila Pope & Luca Eufemia & Ana Paula Dias Turetta & Crystal Tremblay & Stefan Sieber, 2023. "Assessing the Effectiveness and Justice of Protected Areas Governance: Issues and Situated Pathways to Environmental Policies in Río Negro National Park, Paraguay," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-27, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:12:y:2023:i:2:p:71-:d:1050726
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Luca Eufemia & Izabela Schlindwein & Michelle Bonatti & Sabeth Tara Bayer & Stefan Sieber, 2019. "Community-Based Governance and Sustainability in the Paraguayan Pantanal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-18, September.
    2. Eufemia, Luca & Bonatti, Michelle & Sieber, Stefan, 2018. "Synthesis of Environmental Research Knowledge: The Case of Paraguayan Pantanal Tropical Wetlands," Sustainable Agriculture Research, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 7(4).
    3. Samuel Bowles & Herbert Gintis, 2002. "Social Capital and Community Governance," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 112(483), pages 419-436, November.
    4. Clements, Tom & John, Ashish & Nielsen, Karen & An, Dara & Tan, Setha & Milner-Gulland, E.J., 2010. "Payments for biodiversity conservation in the context of weak institutions: Comparison of three programs from Cambodia," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(6), pages 1283-1291, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Dhiaulhaq, Ahmad & Hepp, Catherine M. & Adjoffoin, Laetitia M. & Ehowe, Corine & Assembe-Mvondo, Samuel & Wong, Grace Y., 2024. "Environmental justice and human well-being bundles in protected areas: An assessment in Campo Ma'an landscape, Cameroon," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).

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