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Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Human Value Priorities and Associations with Subjective Well-Being, Subjective General Health, Social Life, and Depression across Europe

Author

Listed:
  • Ângela Leite

    (Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Portuguese Catholic University, Rua de Camões 60, 4710-362 Braga, Portugal)

  • Ana Ramires

    (Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality, Universidade Europeia, Rua Laura Ayres 4, 1650-510 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Diogo Guedes Vidal

    (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Praça 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal)

  • Hélder Fernando Pedrosa e Sousa

    (Department of Mathematics, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal)

  • Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis

    (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Praça 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal)

  • Alexandra Fidalgo

    (Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Europeia, Estrada da Correia, 53, 1500-210 Lisboa, Portugal)

Abstract

Human values are a central component in understanding individuals’ choices. Using the Schwartz’s Values instrument, this study aimed to identify patterns of human value priorities of 35,936 participants across 20 European countries and analyse their relations with subjective well-being (SWB), subjective general health (SGH), social life, and depression indices in Europe. A hierarchical cluster analysis of data from the seventh European Social Survey (ESS) round 7, based on the higher order dimensions of the Schwartz values model, allowed identifying four European groups with distinct indicators. Indices of SWB, SGH, social life, and depression showed statistically significant differences among the four different sociodemographic groups. The graphical representation of the monotonic correlations of each of these indices with the value priorities attributed to the ten basic human values was ordered according to the Schwartz circumplex model, yielding quasi-sinusoidal patterns. The differences among the four groups can be explained by their distinct sociodemographic characteristics: social focus, growth focus, strong social focus, and weak growth focus. The results of this study suggest a rehabilitation of the notion of hedonism, raising the distinction between higher and lower pleasures, with the former contributing more to well-being than the latter.

Suggested Citation

  • Ângela Leite & Ana Ramires & Diogo Guedes Vidal & Hélder Fernando Pedrosa e Sousa & Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis & Alexandra Fidalgo, 2021. "Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Human Value Priorities and Associations with Subjective Well-Being, Subjective General Health, Social Life, and Depression across Europe," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-25, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:10:y:2021:i:2:p:74-:d:502678
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