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Boosting Biodiesel Production from Dairy-Washed Scum Oil Using Beetle Antennae Search Algorithm and Fuzzy Modelling

Author

Listed:
  • Tareq Salameh

    (Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates)

  • Hegazy Rezk

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia)

  • Usama Issa

    (Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

  • Siti Kartom Kamarudin

    (Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Bangi 43600, Malaysia)

  • Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem

    (Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
    Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Bangi 43600, Malaysia)

  • Abdul Ghani Olabi

    (Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
    Department of Mechanical Engineering and Design, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK)

  • Malek Alkasrawi

    (Industrial Assessment Center, University of Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA)

Abstract

The major goal of this study was to develop a robust fuzzy model to mimic the generation of biodiesel from the transesterification of dairy-washed milk scum (DWMS) oil. Four process parameters were considered: the molar ratio of methanol to oil, the concentration of KOH, the reaction temperature, and the reaction time. The proposed technique was divided into two steps: fuzzy modelling and optimum parameter identification. The capability of fuzzy tools to capture and make use of linguistic variables and fuzzy sets is one of their main benefits. This means that fuzzy logic allows for the representation and manipulation of values that fall across a continuum rather than merely relying on crisp values or binary categories. When dealing with non-linear relationships, this is especially helpful since it gives a more accurate and nuanced depiction of the underlying data. As a result, an accurate fuzzy model was initially built based on collected data to simulate the biodiesel production in terms of the molar ratio of methanol to oil, the concentration of KOH, the temperature of the reaction, and the reaction duration. In the second phase, the beetle antennae search (BAS) algorithm was applied to identify the optimal values of the process parameters to boost the production of biodiesel. The BAS algorithm draws inspiration from beetle behavior, particularly how they navigate using their antennae. It employs a swarm-intelligence method by deploying virtual beetles that swarm over the problem area in search of the best solution. One of its main features is the BAS algorithm’s capacity to balance exploration and exploitation. This is accomplished through the algorithm’s adaptable step-size mechanism during the search phase. As a result, the algorithm can first investigate a large portion of the problem space before gradually moving closer to the ideal answer. Compared with ANOVA, and thanks to fuzzy, the RMSE decreased from 7 using ANOVA to 0.73 using fuzzy (a decrease of 89%). The predicted R 2 increased from 0.8934 using ANOVA to 0.9614 using fuzzy (an increase of 7.6). Also, the optimisation results confirmed the superiority of the BAS algorithm. Biodiesel production increased from 92% to 98.16%.

Suggested Citation

  • Tareq Salameh & Hegazy Rezk & Usama Issa & Siti Kartom Kamarudin & Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem & Abdul Ghani Olabi & Malek Alkasrawi, 2023. "Boosting Biodiesel Production from Dairy-Washed Scum Oil Using Beetle Antennae Search Algorithm and Fuzzy Modelling," Resources, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:12:y:2023:i:11:p:131-:d:1274805
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    2. Andrea Pizzi & Daniele Duca & Giorgio Rossini & Sara Fabrizi & Giuseppe Toscano, 2020. "Biofuel, Bioenergy and Feed Valorization of By-Products and Residues from Hevea brasiliensis Cultivation to Enhance Sustainability," Resources, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-17, September.
    3. Enas Taha Sayed & Abdul Ghani Olabi & Abdul Hai Alami & Ali Radwan & Ayman Mdallal & Ahmed Rezk & Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, 2023. "Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-26, February.
    4. Wang, Jia & Jiang, Jianchun & Li, Dongxian & Meng, Xianzhi & Zhan, Guowu & Wang, Yunpu & Zhang, Aihua & Sun, Yunjuan & Ruan, Roger & Ragauskas, Arthur J., 2022. "Creating values from wastes: Producing biofuels from waste cooking oil via a tandem vapor-phase hydrotreating process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
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