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Effect of Impaired B-Cell and CTL Functions on HIV-1 Dynamics

Author

Listed:
  • Noura H. AlShamrani

    (Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Reham H. Halawani

    (Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ahmed M. Elaiw

    (Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

This paper formulates and analyzes two mathematical models that describe the within-host dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with impairment of both cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and B cells. Both viral transmission (VT) and cellular infection (CT) mechanisms are considered. The second model is a generalization of the first model that includes distributed time delays. For the two models, we establish the non-negativity and boundedness of the solutions, find the basic reproductive numbers, determine all possible steady states and establish the global asymptotic stability properties of all steady states by means of the Lyapunov method. We confirm the theoretical results by conducting numerical simulations. We conduct a sensitivity analysis to show the effect of the values of the parameters on the basic reproductive number. We discuss the results, showing that impaired B cells and CTLs, time delay and latent CT have significant effects on the HIV-1 dynamics.

Suggested Citation

  • Noura H. AlShamrani & Reham H. Halawani & Ahmed M. Elaiw, 2023. "Effect of Impaired B-Cell and CTL Functions on HIV-1 Dynamics," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(20), pages 1-39, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:20:p:4385-:d:1264766
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dubey, Preeti & Dubey, Uma S. & Dubey, Balram, 2018. "Modeling the role of acquired immune response and antiretroviral therapy in the dynamics of HIV infection," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 120-137.
    2. Chen, Chong & Zhou, Yinggao, 2023. "Dynamic analysis of HIV model with a general incidence, CTLs immune response and intracellular delays," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 159-181.
    3. Luo, Yantao & Zhang, Long & Zheng, Tingting & Teng, Zhidong, 2019. "Analysis of a diffusive virus infection model with humoral immunity, cell-to-cell transmission and nonlinear incidence," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 535(C).
    4. Miao, Hui & Abdurahman, Xamxinur & Teng, Zhidong & Zhang, Long, 2018. "Dynamical analysis of a delayed reaction-diffusion virus infection model with logistic growth and humoral immune impairment," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 280-291.
    5. Alex Sigal & Jocelyn T. Kim & Alejandro B. Balazs & Erez Dekel & Avi Mayo & Ron Milo & David Baltimore, 2011. "Cell-to-cell spread of HIV permits ongoing replication despite antiretroviral therapy," Nature, Nature, vol. 477(7362), pages 95-98, September.
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