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Hierarchical Control Strategy with Battery Dynamic Consideration for a Dual Fuel Cell/Battery Tramway

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  • Tri-Cuong Do

    (School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehakro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea)

  • Hoai-An Trinh

    (School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehakro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea)

  • Kyoung-Kwan Ahn

    (School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehakro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

This paper proposes a hierarchical energy control strategy for a hybrid dual fuel cell/battery tramway, combining online and offline optimization methods while considering the battery’s dynamic behavior. In the upper layer, an online band-pass filter-based extremum-seeking control (BFESC) is employed to estimate the reference power between the dual fuel cell system and battery. In addition, the battery’s dynamic behavior is considered a penalty function of the BFESC to maintain its parameters within the desired boundaries. In the middle layer, the power requirement for each fuel cell system is calculated by using an offline method called the map search method. Finally, the fuel cell and battery provide the required power to the DC bus through DC/DC converters, which are controlled by PID controllers in the lower layer. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, a simulation model is built in Matlab/Simulink. The results demonstrate that the dual fuel cell/battery system under the control of the proposed energy management strategy (EMS) can operate efficiently while improving the battery’s durability. The efficiency of the fuel cell system when using the proposed EMS was lower than 4% compared with the non-constraint EMS. However, the capacity loss of the battery could improve up to 25.9% in high-current and high-SOC cases.

Suggested Citation

  • Tri-Cuong Do & Hoai-An Trinh & Kyoung-Kwan Ahn, 2023. "Hierarchical Control Strategy with Battery Dynamic Consideration for a Dual Fuel Cell/Battery Tramway," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-19, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:10:p:2269-:d:1145941
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Abd Ur Rehman & Minsung Kim & Jin-Woo Jung, 2023. "State-Plane Trajectory-Based Duty Control of a Resonant Bidirectional DC/DC Converter with Balanced Capacitors Stress," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-17, July.
    2. Sanghyun Yun & Jinwon Yun & Jaeyoung Han, 2023. "Development of a 470-Horsepower Fuel Cell–Battery Hybrid Xcient Dynamic Model Using Simscape TM," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-22, December.

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