IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jmathe/v10y2022i9p1551-d808743.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Safe and Efficient Lane Change Decision-Making Strategy of Autonomous Driving Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

Author

Listed:
  • Kexuan Lv

    (School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China)

  • Xiaofei Pei

    (School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China)

  • Ci Chen

    (School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China)

  • Jie Xu

    (School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China)

Abstract

As an indispensable branch of machine learning (ML), reinforcement learning (RL) plays a prominent role in the decision-making process of autonomous driving (AD), which enables autonomous vehicles (AVs) to learn an optimal driving strategy through continuous interaction with the environment. This paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based motion planning strategy for AD tasks in the highway scenarios where an AV merges into two-lane road traffic flow and realizes the lane changing (LC) maneuvers. We integrate the DRL model into the AD system relying on the end-to-end learning method. An improved DRL algorithm based on deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) is developed with well-defined reward functions. In particular, safety rules (SR), safety prediction (SP) module and trauma memory (TM) as well as the dynamic potential-based reward shaping (DPBRS) function are adopted to further enhance safety and accelerate learning of the LC behavior. For validation, the proposed DSSTD algorithm is trained and tested on the dual-computer co-simulation platform. The comparative experimental results show that our proposal outperforms other benchmark algorithms in both driving safety and efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Kexuan Lv & Xiaofei Pei & Ci Chen & Jie Xu, 2022. "A Safe and Efficient Lane Change Decision-Making Strategy of Autonomous Driving Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-24, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:10:y:2022:i:9:p:1551-:d:808743
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/9/1551/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/9/1551/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Unknown, 2016. "Proceedings Of Abstracts," 152nd Seminar, August 30 - September 1, 2016, Novi Sad, Serbia 244068, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    2. Volodymyr Mnih & Koray Kavukcuoglu & David Silver & Andrei A. Rusu & Joel Veness & Marc G. Bellemare & Alex Graves & Martin Riedmiller & Andreas K. Fidjeland & Georg Ostrovski & Stig Petersen & Charle, 2015. "Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning," Nature, Nature, vol. 518(7540), pages 529-533, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Bowen Gong & Zhipeng Xu & Ruixin Wei & Tao Wang & Ciyun Lin & Peng Gao, 2023. "Reinforcement Learning-Based Lane Change Decision for CAVs in Mixed Traffic Flow under Low Visibility Conditions," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-24, March.
    2. Zeyang Lin & Jun Lai & Xiliang Chen & Lei Cao & Jun Wang, 2022. "Learning to Utilize Curiosity: A New Approach of Automatic Curriculum Learning for Deep RL," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(14), pages 1-20, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tulika Saha & Sriparna Saha & Pushpak Bhattacharyya, 2020. "Towards sentiment aided dialogue policy learning for multi-intent conversations using hierarchical reinforcement learning," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(7), pages 1-28, July.
    2. Mahmoud Mahfouz & Angelos Filos & Cyrine Chtourou & Joshua Lockhart & Samuel Assefa & Manuela Veloso & Danilo Mandic & Tucker Balch, 2019. "On the Importance of Opponent Modeling in Auction Markets," Papers 1911.12816, arXiv.org.
    3. Imen Azzouz & Wiem Fekih Hassen, 2023. "Optimization of Electric Vehicles Charging Scheduling Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Decentralized Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-18, December.
    4. Jacob W. Crandall & Mayada Oudah & Tennom & Fatimah Ishowo-Oloko & Sherief Abdallah & Jean-François Bonnefon & Manuel Cebrian & Azim Shariff & Michael A. Goodrich & Iyad Rahwan, 2018. "Cooperating with machines," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-12, December.
      • Abdallah, Sherief & Bonnefon, Jean-François & Cebrian, Manuel & Crandall, Jacob W. & Ishowo-Oloko, Fatimah & Oudah, Mayada & Rahwan, Iyad & Shariff, Azim & Tennom,, 2017. "Cooperating with Machines," TSE Working Papers 17-806, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
      • Abdallah, Sherief & Bonnefon, Jean-François & Cebrian, Manuel & Crandall, Jacob W. & Ishowo-Oloko, Fatimah & Oudah, Mayada & Rahwan, Iyad & Shariff, Azim & Tennom,, 2017. "Cooperating with Machines," IAST Working Papers 17-68, Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse (IAST).
      • Jacob Crandall & Mayada Oudah & Fatimah Ishowo-Oloko Tennom & Fatimah Ishowo-Oloko & Sherief Abdallah & Jean-François Bonnefon & Manuel Cebrian & Azim Shariff & Michael Goodrich & Iyad Rahwan, 2018. "Cooperating with machines," Post-Print hal-01897802, HAL.
    5. Sun, Alexander Y., 2020. "Optimal carbon storage reservoir management through deep reinforcement learning," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    6. Yassine Chemingui & Adel Gastli & Omar Ellabban, 2020. "Reinforcement Learning-Based School Energy Management System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-21, December.
    7. Michael Vössing & Niklas Kühl & Matteo Lind & Gerhard Satzger, 2022. "Designing Transparency for Effective Human-AI Collaboration," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 877-895, June.
    8. Woo Jae Byun & Bumkyu Choi & Seongmin Kim & Joohyun Jo, 2023. "Practical Application of Deep Reinforcement Learning to Optimal Trade Execution," FinTech, MDPI, vol. 2(3), pages 1-16, June.
    9. Lu, Yu & Xiang, Yue & Huang, Yuan & Yu, Bin & Weng, Liguo & Liu, Junyong, 2023. "Deep reinforcement learning based optimal scheduling of active distribution system considering distributed generation, energy storage and flexible load," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    10. Yuhong Wang & Lei Chen & Hong Zhou & Xu Zhou & Zongsheng Zheng & Qi Zeng & Li Jiang & Liang Lu, 2021. "Flexible Transmission Network Expansion Planning Based on DQN Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-21, April.
    11. Huang, Ruchen & He, Hongwen & Gao, Miaojue, 2023. "Training-efficient and cost-optimal energy management for fuel cell hybrid electric bus based on a novel distributed deep reinforcement learning framework," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 346(C).
    12. Michelle M. LaMar, 2018. "Markov Decision Process Measurement Model," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 83(1), pages 67-88, March.
    13. Zichen Lu & Ying Yan, 2024. "Temperature Control of Fuel Cell Based on PEI-DDPG," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-19, April.
    14. Yang, Ting & Zhao, Liyuan & Li, Wei & Zomaya, Albert Y., 2021. "Dynamic energy dispatch strategy for integrated energy system based on improved deep reinforcement learning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    15. Wang, Xuan & Shu, Gequn & Tian, Hua & Wang, Rui & Cai, Jinwen, 2020. "Operation performance comparison of CCHP systems with cascade waste heat recovery systems by simulation and operation optimisation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
    16. Wang, Yi & Qiu, Dawei & Sun, Mingyang & Strbac, Goran & Gao, Zhiwei, 2023. "Secure energy management of multi-energy microgrid: A physical-informed safe reinforcement learning approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
    17. Parvez Farazi, Nahid & Zou, Bo & Tulabandhula, Theja, 2022. "Dynamic On-Demand Crowdshipping Using Constrained and Heuristics-Embedded Double Dueling Deep Q-Network," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    18. Louback, Eduardo & Biswas, Atriya & Machado, Fabricio & Emadi, Ali, 2024. "A review of the design process of energy management systems for dual-motor battery electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    19. Brammer, Janis & Lutz, Bernhard & Neumann, Dirk, 2022. "Permutation flow shop scheduling with multiple lines and demand plans using reinforcement learning," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 299(1), pages 75-86.
    20. Neha Soni & Enakshi Khular Sharma & Narotam Singh & Amita Kapoor, 2019. "Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Businesses: from Research, Innovation, Market Deployment to Future Shifts in Business Models," Papers 1905.02092, arXiv.org.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:10:y:2022:i:9:p:1551-:d:808743. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.