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Agricultural Yield Responses to Climate Variabilities in West Africa: A Food Supply and Demand Analysis

Author

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  • Martin Schultze

    (Department of Sustainable Landscape Development, Institute for Geosciences and Geography, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany)

  • Stephen Kankam

    (Department of Sustainable Landscape Development, Institute for Geosciences and Geography, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
    Hen Mpoano (Our Coast), 38. J Cross Cole Street, Windy Ridge Extension, Takoradi P.O. Box AX 296, Ghana)

  • Safiétou Sanfo

    (West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land-Use (WASCAL), Competence Centre, Blvd Moammar El-Khadafi, Ouagadougou 06 BP 9507, Burkina Faso
    Laboratoire de Développement Agricole et Transformation de l’Agriculture [Laboratory of Agricultural Development and Transformation], Université Thomas Sankara, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7210, Burkina Faso)

  • Christine Fürst

    (Department of Sustainable Landscape Development, Institute for Geosciences and Geography, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
    German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany)

Abstract

Agricultural productivity is expected to decrease under changing climate conditions that correspond to the stability of West African food systems. Although numerous studies have evaluated impacts of climate variability on crop yields, many uncertainties are still associated with climate extremes as well as the rapid population growth and corresponding dietary lifestyle. Here, we present a food supply and demand analysis based on the relationship between climate change, crop production, and population growth in three sites from southwestern Burkina Faso to southwestern Ghana. Climate and agricultural time series were analyzed by using boxplots mixed with a Mann–Kendall trend test and Sen’s slope. Food balance sheets were calculated by estimating the demand using a population growth model linked to food supply with local consumption patterns. We found almost insignificant rainfall and temperature trends for both sites in the Sudano-Guinean savannah. Conversely, the climate regime of southwestern Ghana revealed a strong significant increasing temperature over time. Crop yield trends demonstrated that maize and sorghum were significantly enhanced in both study areas of the Sudano-Guinean savannah. Southwestern Ghana depicted a different crop pattern where cassava and plantain showed a strong upward yield trend. The grouped food balance sheets across the regions illustrated a surplus for the Sudano-Guinean savannah while southwestern Ghana exhibited a deficit. Despite the growing yield of various crops, food demand is outpacing regional production.

Suggested Citation

  • Martin Schultze & Stephen Kankam & Safiétou Sanfo & Christine Fürst, 2024. "Agricultural Yield Responses to Climate Variabilities in West Africa: A Food Supply and Demand Analysis," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-22, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:13:y:2024:i:3:p:364-:d:1356621
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dimitri Defrance & Benjamin Sultan & Mathieu Castets & Adjoua Moise Famien & Christian Baron, 2020. "Impact of Climate Change in West Africa on Cereal Production Per Capita in 2050," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-19, September.
    2. Patricia Pinamang Acheampong & Monica Addison & Camillus Abawiera Wongnaa, 2022. "Assessment of impact of adoption of improved cassava varieties on yields in Ghana: An endogenous switching approach," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(1), pages 2008587-200, December.
    3. Abel Chemura & Dumisani Kutywayo & Danisile Hikwa & Christoph Gornott, 2022. "Climate change and cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) production: assessing impacts and potential adaptation strategies in Zimbabwe," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 27(6), pages 1-20, August.
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    5. Mohammed Tanko & Salifu Ismaila & Saeed Abu Sadiq, 2019. "Planting for Food and Jobs (PFJ): A panacea for productivity and welfare of rice farmers in Northern Ghana," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(1), pages 1693121-169, January.
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