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Does Non-Farm Employment Promote Farmland Abandonment of Resettled Households? Evidence from Shaanxi, China

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  • Jingjing Sun

    (School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China)

  • Jie Li

    (School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China)

  • Yue Cui

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China)

Abstract

The de-agrarianisation of the labor force in the poverty alleviation resettlement (PAR) inevitably influences households’ farmland management and farmland abandonment in the relocated areas. Drawing on survey data from 1079 households in Shaanxi, China, this study uses the Heckman two-stage model to empirically examine the relationship between non-farm employment and farmland abandonment in relocated areas. Additionally, it explores heterogeneity by considering the quantity and spatial distribution of non-farm employment, as well as the moderating effect of the withdrawal of rural homesteads (WRH). The results show that: (1) non-farm employment significantly promotes both behavioral and scale of farmland abandonment, with the magnitude of this impact varying based on the quantity of non-farm employment; (2) Heterogeneity analyses show that areas with non-farm employment exert a noteworthy positive effect on farmland abandonment. On average, farmers engaged in non-farm employment outside the county (NEO) exhibit a higher marginal effect on both behavioral and scale aspects of farmland abandonment compared to those engaged in non-farm employment within the county (NEI). Furthermore, only when the number of NEI reaches 3 does the probability and scale of farmland abandonment surpass those of NEO; (3) Mechanism analysis sheds light on the role of WRH, indicating that the cultivation of land in WRH weakens the promotion of farmland abandonment by non-farm employment, particularly in the NEI group. Conversely, the duration of WRH strengthens the contributions of non-farm employment to farmland abandonment, and this effect is concentrated in the NEO group. These findings underscore the importance of actively cultivating and introducing new types of agricultural management entities, promoting the moderate-scale operation of farmland, and encouraging the recultivation of withdrawn rural homesteads as strategies to curb farmland abandonment.

Suggested Citation

  • Jingjing Sun & Jie Li & Yue Cui, 2024. "Does Non-Farm Employment Promote Farmland Abandonment of Resettled Households? Evidence from Shaanxi, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-20, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:13:y:2024:i:2:p:129-:d:1325165
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chong Lu, 2020. "Does household laborer migration promote farmland abandonment in China?," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(4), pages 1804-1836, December.
    2. Sarah Rogers & Jie Li & Kevin Lo & Hua Guo & Cong Li, 2020. "China’s rapidly evolving practice of poverty resettlement: Moving millions to eliminate poverty," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 38(5), pages 541-554, September.
    3. Heckman, James, 2013. "Sample selection bias as a specification error," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 31(3), pages 129-137.
    4. Bradfield, Tracy & Butler, Robert & Dillon, Emma J. & Hennessy, Thia, 2020. "The factors influencing the profitability of leased land on dairy farms in Ireland," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    5. Lei Song & Ping Lyu & Yingui Cao, 2021. "Multi-party game and simulation in the withdrawal of rural homestead: evidence from China," China Agricultural Economic Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 13(3), pages 614-638, April.
    6. Xin Deng & Dingde Xu & Yanbin Qi & Miao Zeng, 2018. "Labor Off-Farm Employment and Cropland Abandonment in Rural China: Spatial Distribution and Empirical Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-15, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhijie Cao & Lingzhi Yan & Kexin Zhou & Ming Lei, 2024. "Willingness for Land Transfer and Coupling Coordination Analysis in Poverty Alleviation Resettlement Areas: A Sustainable Development Perspective," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-21, November.

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