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Side-Deep Fertilization Stabilizes Double-Cropping Rice Yield, Increases N and P Utilization, and Reduces N and P Losses

Author

Listed:
  • Kun Hou

    (College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
    National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China)

  • Lian Zhang

    (College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
    National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China)

  • Ping Liu

    (College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
    National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China)

  • Shifu He

    (College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
    National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China)

  • Xiangmin Rong

    (College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
    National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China)

  • Jianwei Peng

    (College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
    National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China)

  • Yuping Zhang

    (College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
    National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China)

  • Chang Tian

    (College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
    National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China)

  • Yongliang Han

    (College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
    National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China)

Abstract

(1) Background: the broadcast is an outdated fertilization method with a low fertilizer-utilization rate and environmental problems, which seriously restricts the development of agriculture. (2) Methods: Under a machine-transplanted rice with side-deep fertilization (MRSF) mode, five treatments were applied: 0 cm (D0), 5 cm (D5), 7.5 cm (D7.5), and 10 cm (D10), comprising four different depths of fertilization, and no fertilization (CK). The yield, the accumulation of N and P in the straw and in grains of rice, concentrations of N and P in the surface water, ammonia (NH 3 ) volatilization, and soil nutrients were measured in rice fields. (3) Results: In rice yields, compared with the D0 treatment, only the D7.5 treatment significantly increased by 7.84% in late rice, while the other treatments showed no significant difference between early and late rice. The N- and P-use efficiency of D10 increased by 5.30–24.73% and 0.84–17.75%, respectively, compared with the D0-D7.5 treatments. In surface water, compared with the D0 treatment, D5, D7.5, and D10, the total N (TN), total P (TP) concentration, and NH 3 volatilization decreased by 10.24–60.76%, 16.30–31.01%, and 34.78–86.08%, respectively; the D10 treatment had the best inhibition effect on the TN, TP concentration, and NH 3 volatilization, which were 58.48–60.76%, 22.04–31.01%, and 77.21–86.08%, respectively. (4) Conclusions: The optimized depth for side-deep fertilization was 10 cm. We would like to emphasize the impact of the paddy on various deep fertilizations and provide an important reference for developing precise fertilization in rice fields in this area.

Suggested Citation

  • Kun Hou & Lian Zhang & Ping Liu & Shifu He & Xiangmin Rong & Jianwei Peng & Yuping Zhang & Chang Tian & Yongliang Han, 2023. "Side-Deep Fertilization Stabilizes Double-Cropping Rice Yield, Increases N and P Utilization, and Reduces N and P Losses," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:724-:d:1104467
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xu, Junzeng & Peng, Shizhang & Yang, Shihong & Wang, Weiguang, 2012. "Ammonia volatilization losses from a rice paddy with different irrigation and nitrogen managements," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 184-192.
    2. Qi, Dongliang & Yan, Jun & Zhu, Jianqiang, 2020. "Effect of a reduced fertilizer rate on the water quality of paddy fields and rice yields under fishpond effluent irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
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