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Predicting Private and Public Pro-Environmental Behaviors in Rural Tourism Contexts Using SEM and fsQCA: The Role of Destination Image and Relationship Quality

Author

Listed:
  • Xiaojuan Rao

    (School of Business Administration, Tourism College of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311231, China)

  • Hongliang Qiu

    (School of Business Administration, Tourism College of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311231, China
    Zhejiang Academy of Culture & Tourism Development, Hangzhou 311231, China)

  • Alastair M. Morrison

    (Department of Marketing, Events and Tourism, Greenwich Business School, Old Royal Naval College, Park Row, Greenwich, London SE10 9LS, UK)

  • Wei Wei

    (Department of Hospitality Services, Rosen College of Hospitality Management, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32819, USA)

  • Xihua Zhang

    (School of Cooperative Economics, Zhejiang Institute of Economics and Trade, Hangzhou 310018, China)

Abstract

The importance of pro-environmental behavior in tourism has been established, but explaining its sub-dimensions, especially in the private and public dimensions, is under-researched. Existing literature on tourism research mainly uses SEM to analyze tourist pro-environmental behavior, while fsQCA is scarcely implemented. In this study, SEM is applied to reveal the links among destination image, relationship quality, and pro-environmental behavior, while fsQCA is utilized to investigate configurations predicting pro-environmental behavior. Responses of 285 tourists were collected and analyzed to test the proposed hypotheses. The SEM results showed that (1) destination image directly and positively affected relationship quality (including satisfaction and destination trust); (2) relationship quality was found to positively and directly influence private and public pro-environmental behaviors; (3) relationship quality did mediate the influence of destination image on private pro-environmental behavior partially, while it played a full mediating role in the effect of destination image on public pro-environmental behavior. The findings from fsQCA indicated that (1) three sufficient configurations consistently lead to a high level of private pro-environmental behavior: (a) high destination image and satisfaction, (b) high destination image and trust, (c) high relationship quality; (2) there was only one sufficient causal configuration for a high level of public pro-environmental behavior: high relationship quality. The results provide tenable evidence that relationship quality can be a vital factor enhancing the sub-dimensions of pro-environmental behavior. The integration of these two methods helps to open the black box of tourist pro-environmental behavior in rural tourism contexts in a more systematic and holistic way.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaojuan Rao & Hongliang Qiu & Alastair M. Morrison & Wei Wei & Xihua Zhang, 2022. "Predicting Private and Public Pro-Environmental Behaviors in Rural Tourism Contexts Using SEM and fsQCA: The Role of Destination Image and Relationship Quality," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-30, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:448-:d:775511
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    2. Nian Li & Ya Wen & Yanxin Wang & Yifei Li & Qibing Chen & Xi Li & Bingyang Lv, 2022. "Does Soundscape Perception Lead to Environmentally Responsible Behavior? A Case Study in Longcanggou Forest Park, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-15, September.
    3. Alastair M. Morrison, 2022. "Editorial: Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-6, April.
    4. Wei Zheng & Hongliang Qiu & Alastair M. Morrison, 2023. "Applying a Combination of SEM and fsQCA to Predict Tourist Resource-Saving Behavioral Intentions in Rural Tourism: An Extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-23, January.
    5. Xiaojuan Rao & Hongliang Qiu & Alastair M. Morrison & Wei Wei, 2022. "Linking Perceived Environmental CSR to Residents’ Environmental Citizenship Behavior in Rural Tourism: The Mediating Role of Resident–Environment Relationship Quality," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-19, December.
    6. Jian Cao & Hongliang Qiu & Alastair M. Morrison & Yingzhi Guo, 2024. "The Effect of Pro-Environmental Destination Image on Resident Environmental Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating Roles of Satisfaction and Pride," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-19, July.
    7. Jian Cao & Hongliang Qiu & Alastair M. Morrison, 2023. "Self-Identity Matters: An Extended Theory of Planned Behavior to Decode Tourists’ Waste Sorting Intentions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-19, March.
    8. Xiaojuan Rao & Hongliang Qiu & Alastair M. Morrison & Wei Wei, 2022. "Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior with the Self-Congruity Theory to Predict Tourists’ Pro-Environmental Behavioral Intentions: A Two-Case Study of Heritage Tourism," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-19, November.

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