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The Gradient Effect on the Relationship between the Underlying Factor and Land Surface Temperature in Large Urbanized Region

Author

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  • Yixu Wang

    (College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Mingxue Xu

    (College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Jun Li

    (College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
    School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China)

  • Nan Jiang

    (College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
    School of Geology and Geomatics, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China)

  • Dongchuan Wang

    (School of Geology and Geomatics, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China)

  • Lei Yao

    (College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China)

  • Ying Xu

    (School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250023, China)

Abstract

Although research relating to the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon has been significantly increasing in recent years, there is still a lack of a continuous and clear recognition of the potential gradient effect on the UHI—landscape relationship within large urbanized regions. In this study, we chose the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, which is a large scaled urban agglomeration in China, as the case study area. We examined the causal relationship between the LST variation and underlying surface characteristics using multi-temporal land cover and summer average land surface temperature (LST) data as the analyzed variables. This study then further discussed the modeling performance when quantifying their relationship from a spatial gradient perspective (the grid size ranged from 6 to 24 km), by comparing the ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) methods. The results indicate that: (1) both the OLS and GWR analysis confirmed that the composition of built-up land contributes as an essential factor that is responsible for the UHI phenomenon in a large urban agglomeration region; (2) for the OLS, the modeled relationship between the LST and its drive factor showed a significant spatial gradient effect, changing with different spatial analysis grids; and, (3) in contrast, using the GWR model revealed a considerably robust and better performance for accommodating the spatial non-stationarity with a lower scale dependence than that of the OLS model. This study highlights the significant spatial heterogeneity that is related to the UHI effect in large-extent urban agglomeration areas, and it suggests that the potential gradient effect and uncertainty induced by different spatial scale and methodology usage should be considered when modeling the UHI effect with urbanization. This would supplement current UHI study and be beneficial for deepening the cognition and enlightenment of landscape planning for UHI regulation.

Suggested Citation

  • Yixu Wang & Mingxue Xu & Jun Li & Nan Jiang & Dongchuan Wang & Lei Yao & Ying Xu, 2020. "The Gradient Effect on the Relationship between the Underlying Factor and Land Surface Temperature in Large Urbanized Region," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:10:y:2020:i:1:p:20-:d:469939
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gago, E.J. & Roldan, J. & Pacheco-Torres, R. & Ordóñez, J., 2013. "The city and urban heat islands: A review of strategies to mitigate adverse effects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 749-758.
    2. Suchul Kang & Elfatih A. B. Eltahir, 2018. "North China Plain threatened by deadly heatwaves due to climate change and irrigation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-9, December.
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    2. Lei Yao & Wentian Xu & Ying Xu & Shuo Sun, 2022. "Examining the Potential Scaling Law in Urban PM2.5 Pollution Risks along with the Nationwide Air Environmental Effort in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-18, April.

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