IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jjrfmx/v14y2021i7p286-d580299.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Determinants of Financial Inclusion in Small and Medium Enterprises: Evidence from Ethiopia

Author

Listed:
  • Betgilu Oshora

    (Doctoral School of Economics & Regional Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary)

  • Goshu Desalegn

    (Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Business and Economics, Kotobe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 5563, Ethiopia)

  • Eva Gorgenyi-Hegyes

    (Doctoral School of Economics & Regional Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary)

  • Maria Fekete-Farkas

    (Szent Istvan Campus Institute of Economic Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary)

  • Zoltan Zeman

    (Szent Istvan Campus Institute of Economic Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary)

Abstract

The study examines the determinant factors that influence financial inclusion among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Ethiopia. The study uses an explanatory research design and a mixed research approach with both primary and secondary sources of data. More specifically, the study adopts a multiple linear regression model. The finding of the study reveals that; supply-side factors, demand-side factors, market opportunity, and collateral requirements have a positive effect on the firm’s access to finance. On the other hand, institutional framework factors, and the costs of borrowing negatively affect the firm’s access to finance. This study suggests concerned bodies sustain rapid and inclusive economic growth and hence eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, the policymakers must build an efficient, strong, and well-functioning financial market system that provides affordable and sustainable financial service to SMEs.

Suggested Citation

  • Betgilu Oshora & Goshu Desalegn & Eva Gorgenyi-Hegyes & Maria Fekete-Farkas & Zoltan Zeman, 2021. "Determinants of Financial Inclusion in Small and Medium Enterprises: Evidence from Ethiopia," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-19, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:14:y:2021:i:7:p:286-:d:580299
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/14/7/286/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/14/7/286/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Myers, Stewart C. & Majluf, Nicholas S., 1984. "Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 187-221, June.
    2. Brooks,Chris, 2008. "RATS Handbook to Accompany Introductory Econometrics for Finance," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521896955, January.
    3. Ms. Izabela Karpowicz, 2014. "Financial Inclusion, Growth and Inequality: A Model Application to Colombia," IMF Working Papers 2014/166, International Monetary Fund.
    4. Csaba Lentner & Krisztina Szegedi & Tibor Tatay, 2017. "Social Responsibility in the Operation of Central Banks," Financial and Economic Review, Magyar Nemzeti Bank (Central Bank of Hungary), vol. 16(2), pages 64-85.
    5. Manthos D. Delis & Iftekhar Hasan & Pantelis Kazakis, 2014. "Bank Regulations and Income Inequality: Empirical Evidence," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 18(5), pages 1811-1846.
    6. T. Dinh, Hinh & Mavridis, Dimitris A. & Nguyen, Hoa B., 2010. "The binding constraint on firms'growth in developing countries," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5485, The World Bank.
    7. Sanderson Abel & Learnmore Mutandwa & Pierre Le Roux, 2018. "A Review of Determinants of Financial Inclusion," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 8(3), pages 1-8.
    8. Andualem Ufo Baza & K. Sambasiva Rao, 2017. "Financial Inclusion in Ethiopia," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 9(4), pages 191-201, April.
    9. Josiah Aduda & Elizabeth Kalunda, 2012. "Financial Inclusion and Financial Sector Stability With Reference To Kenya: A Review of Literature," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 2(6), pages 1-8.
    10. Rigzin Yangdol & Mandira Sarma, 2019. "Demand-side Factors for Financial Inclusion: A Cross-country Empirical Analysis," International Studies, , vol. 56(2-3), pages 163-185, April.
    11. Banerjee, Abhijit V & Newman, Andrew F, 1993. "Occupational Choice and the Process of Development," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 101(2), pages 274-298, April.
    12. Csaba Lentner & Laszlo Vasa & Szilard Hegedus, 2020. "The Assessment of Financial Risks of Municipally Owned Public Utility Companies in Hungary Between 2009 and 2018," Montenegrin Journal of Economics, Economic Laboratory for Transition Research (ELIT), vol. 16(4), pages 29-41.
    13. Alberto Botta & Antoine Godin & Marco Missaglia, 2016. "Finance, foreign (direct) investment and dutch disease: the case of Colombia," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 33(2), pages 265-289, August.
    14. Lwanga Elizabeth Nanziri, 2020. "Women, Inclusive Finance and the Quality of Life: Evidence from Zambia," Gender, Development and Social Change, in: Maty Konte & Nyasha Tirivayi (ed.), Women and Sustainable Human Development, chapter 0, pages 285-303, Palgrave Macmillan.
    15. Beck, Thorsten & Demirguc-Kunt, Asli, 2006. "Small and medium-size enterprises: Access to finance as a growth constraint," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(11), pages 2931-2943, November.
    16. Demirguc-Kunt Asli & Klapper Leora & Randall Douglas, 2014. "Islamic Finance and Financial Inclusion: Measuring Use of and Demand for Formal Financial Services among Muslim Adults," Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, De Gruyter, vol. 10(2), pages 177-218, August.
    17. Kumar, Abhishek & Pal, Rama & Pal, Rupayan, 2019. "Usage of formal financial services in India: Demand barriers or supply constraints?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 244-259.
    18. Hezron Mogaka Osano & Hilario Languitone, 2016. "Factors influencing access to finance by SMEs in Mozambique: case of SMEs in Maputo central business district," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 5(1), pages 1-16, December.
    19. Samir Harith & Ruth Helen Samujh, 2020. "Small Family Businesses: Innovation, Risk and Value," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-15, October.
    20. Andrei-DragoÅŸ POPESCU, 2019. "Empowering Financial Inclusion Through Fintech," Social Sciences and Education Research Review, Department of Communication, Journalism and Education Sciences, University of Craiova, vol. 6(2), pages 198-215, November.
    21. Jeen Wei Ong & Hishamuddin Bin Ismail, 2012. "Competitive advantage and firm performance: evidence from small and medium enterprises," International Journal of Business and Globalisation, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 9(2), pages 195-206.
    22. Bose, Sudipta & Saha, Amitav & Khan, Habib Zaman & Islam, Shajul, 2017. "Non-financial disclosure and market-based firm performance: The initiation of financial inclusion," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 263-281.
    23. Ms. Era Dabla-Norris & Yan Ji & Robert M. Townsend & Ms. Filiz D Unsal, 2015. "Identifying Constraints to Financial Inclusion and Their Impact on GDP and Inequality: A Structural Framework for Policy," IMF Working Papers 2015/022, International Monetary Fund.
    24. Judit Oláh & Sándor Kovács & Zuzana Virglerova & Zoltán Lakner & Maria Kovacova & József Popp, 2019. "Analysis and Comparison of Economic and Financial Risk Sources in SMEs of the Visegrad Group and Serbia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-19, March.
    25. Dinabandhu Sethi & Susanta Kumar Sethy, 2018. "Financial inclusion matters for economic growth in India," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 46(1), pages 132-151, August.
    26. Susan Johnson & Steven Arnold, 2012. "Inclusive Financial Markets: Is Transformation Under Way in Kenya?," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 30(6), pages 719-748, November.
    27. Mamman, Aminu & Bawole, Justice & Agbebi, Motolani & Alhassan, Abdul-Razak, 2019. "SME policy formulation and implementation in Africa: Unpacking assumptions as opportunity for research direction," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 304-315.
    28. Kabakova, Oksana & Plaksenkov, Evgeny, 2018. "Analysis of factors affecting financial inclusion: Ecosystem view," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 198-205.
    29. Swamy, Vighneswara, 2010. "Bank-based Financial Intermediation for Financial Inclusion and Inclusive Growth," MPRA Paper 47510, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    30. Fareeha Adil & Abdul Jalil, 2020. "Determining the Financial Inclusion Output of Banking Sector of Pakistan—Supply-Side Analysis," Economies, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-20, May.
    31. Meghana Ayyagari & Thorsten Beck & Asli Demirguc-Kunt, 2007. "Small and Medium Enterprises Across the Globe," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 29(4), pages 415-434, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Shanika Thathsarani & Wei Jianguo & Mona Alariqi, 2023. "How Do Demand, Supply, and Institutional Factors Influence SME Financial Inclusion: A Developing Country Perspective," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(3), pages 21582440231, July.
    2. Collin Chikwira & Edson Vengesai & Petronella Mandude, 2022. "The Impact of Microfinance Institutions on Poverty Alleviation," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-13, September.
    3. Rosmah Nizam & Siti Fahazarina Hazudin & Malik Cahyadin & Zulkefly Abdul Karim & Rozita Uji Mohammed, 2024. "Construction of Financial Inclusion Index for Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) in Malaysia," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 8(10), pages 2260-2272, October.
    4. Murshed, Muntasir & Ahmed, Rizwan & Al-Tal, Raad Mahmoud & Kumpamool, Chamaiporn & Vetchagool, Witchulada & Avarado, Rafael, 2023. "Determinants of financial inclusion in South Asia: The moderating and mediating roles of internal conflict settlement," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    5. Kanayo Ogwu & Patrick Hickey & Okeoma John-Paul Okeke & Adnan ul Haque & Elias Pimenidis & Eugene Kozlovski, 2022. "An Integrated Online/Offline Social Network-Based Model for Crowdfunding Support in Developing Countries: The Case of Nigeria," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-21, July.
    6. Rahima Benaini & Samiya Metair, "undated". "Determinants of financial inclusion in Algeria: An ARDL Bounds Test approach," Review of Socio - Economic Perspectives 202219, Reviewsep.
    7. Ralph Stephen Leyeza & Mikka Marielle Boado & Obed Butacan & Donn Enrique Moreno & Lourdes Deocariza, 2023. "The Role of Loan-Related Risk Appetite in the Relationship between Financial Risk Considerations and MSME Growth Decision: A Mediation Analysis," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-20, May.
    8. Damane, Moeti & Ho, Sin-Yu, 2024. "Effects of Financial Inclusion of Small and medium Sized Enterprises on Financial Stability: Evidence from SSA countries," MPRA Paper 121093, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Shahid Manzoor Shah & Amjad Ali, 2022. "A Survey on Financial Inclusion: Theoretical and Empirical Literature Review," Journal of Policy Research (JPR), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 8(4), pages 310-330, December.
    10. Mahdevi Tiagarassa Pillay & Harshana Kasseeah, 2024. "Does environmental commitment improve access to finance? Evidence from small firms in Mauritius," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(8), pages 7729-7749, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Shahid Manzoor Shah & Amjad Ali, 2022. "A Survey on Financial Inclusion: Theoretical and Empirical Literature Review," Journal of Policy Research (JPR), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 8(4), pages 310-330, December.
    2. Rahman Ashiqur & Rahman M. Twyeafur & Belas Jaroslav, 2017. "Determinants of SME Finance: Evidence from Three Central European Countries," Review of Economic Perspectives, Sciendo, vol. 17(3), pages 263-285, September.
    3. Shanika Thathsarani & Wei Jianguo & Mona Alariqi, 2023. "How Do Demand, Supply, and Institutional Factors Influence SME Financial Inclusion: A Developing Country Perspective," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(3), pages 21582440231, July.
    4. Guillermo Boitano & Deybi Franco Abanto, 2020. "Challenges of financial inclusion policies in Peru," Revista Finanzas y Politica Economica, Universidad Católica de Colombia, vol. 12(1), pages 89-117, June.
    5. Rosaria Distefano, 2024. "Occupational choice and entrepreneurship: From necessity to opportunity," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 95(1), pages 225-247, March.
    6. Abdalla Al Khub & Mohamed Saeudy & Ali Meftah Gerged, 2024. "Digital Financial Inclusion in Emerging Economies: Evidence from Jordan," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-14, February.
    7. Mirgul Nizaeva & Ali Coskun, 2019. "Investigating the Relationship Between Financial Constraint and Growth of SMEs in South Eastern Europe," SAGE Open, , vol. 9(3), pages 21582440198, September.
    8. Marcello Pagnini & Paola Rossi & Valerio Vacca & Lucia dalla Pellegrina & Serena Frazzoni & Zeno Rotondi & Andrea Vezzulli, 2017. "Access to Credit for Small Innovative Businesses," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 46(3), pages 411-458, November.
    9. Tekeste Berhanu Lakew & Hossein Azadi, 2020. "Financial Inclusion in Ethiopia: Is It on the Right Track?," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-13, May.
    10. Slavec, Alenka & Prodan, Igor, 2012. "The influence of entrepreneur’s characteristics on small manufacturing firm debt financing," Journal of East European Management Studies, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, vol. 17(1), pages 104-130.
    11. Kabakova, Oksana & Plaksenkov, Evgeny, 2018. "Analysis of factors affecting financial inclusion: Ecosystem view," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 198-205.
    12. Khalid Lahrour & Latifa Horr, 2023. "The financial inclusion paradigm: the evolution of concepts in a historical and universal context [Le paradigme de l'inclusion financière : L'évolution des concepts dans un contexte historique et u," Post-Print hal-04346087, HAL.
    13. Kalandi Charan Pradhan & Ritik Sharma, 2022. "Assessing the spatiotemporal financial inclusion and its determinants: a sub-national analysis of India," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 6(2), pages 635-681, June.
    14. Masiak, Christian & Moritz, Alexandra & Lang, Frank, 2017. "Financing Patterns of European SMEs Revisited: An Updated Empirical Taxonomy and Determinants of SME Financing Clusters," EIF Working Paper Series 2017/40, European Investment Fund (EIF).
    15. Sheng Xu & Michael Asiedu & Nana Adwoa Anokye Effah, 2023. "Inclusive Finance, Gender Inequality, and Sustainable Economic Growth in Africa," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 14(4), pages 4866-4902, December.
    16. Dimelis, Sophia & Giotopoulos, Ioannis & Louri, Helen, 2015. "Can firms grow without credit?: evidence from the Euro Area, 2005-2011: a quantile panel analysis," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 61157, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    17. Waqar Younas & K. Ramanathan Kalimuthu, 2021. "Telecom microfinance banking versus commercial banking: a battle in the financial services sector," Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 26(2), pages 67-80, June.
    18. D’Orazio, Paola & Valente, Marco, 2019. "The role of finance in environmental innovation diffusion: An evolutionary modeling approach," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 417-439.
    19. Fan, Chenguang & Bae, Seongho & Liu, Yu, 2024. "Can FinTech transform corporate liquidity? Evidence from China," Innovation and Green Development, Elsevier, vol. 3(2).
    20. Moulick, Raj Kumar, 2020. "Determinants predicting credit accessibility of SME: Evidence from Bangladesh," Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, , vol. 25(03), pages 01-09, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:14:y:2021:i:7:p:286-:d:580299. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.