IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bcp/journl/v8y2024i10p2260-2272.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Construction of Financial Inclusion Index for Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) in Malaysia

Author

Listed:
  • Rosmah Nizam

    (Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Jengka, Malaysia)

  • Siti Fahazarina Hazudin

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia)

  • Malik Cahyadin

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia)

  • Zulkefly Abdul Karim

    (Center for Sustainable and Inclusive Development Studies (SID), Faculty of Economics and Management, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Rozita Uji Mohammed

    (Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sabah, Malaysia)

Abstract

This study intends to develop a new index for assessing the financial inclusion of the Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) in Malaysia. The index includes two important dimensions, namely digital financial technology (fintech) and digital financial literacy, using survey data from selected MSMEs in Malaysia for 2023. A total of 177 firms are voluntarily participated in the study, which were recruited based on the purposive sampling technique’s non-probability. This study employed non-parametric approaches using a multidimensional measurement model with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as a parametric way to assess the index of financial inclusion. The main findings revealed that fintech dimensions and digital financial literacy possess a relative relevance and a substantial association with the level of financial inclusion. The study indicates that a higher index value signifies greater financial inclusion for firms, but a lower index value denotes the opposite. The implication from this study suggest that Malaysian policymakers must formulate policies and strategies pertinent to financial inclusion for MSMEs. Furthermore, the accessibility of digital financial technology services and digital financial literacy must be enhanced to elevate the financial inclusivity of firms.

Suggested Citation

  • Rosmah Nizam & Siti Fahazarina Hazudin & Malik Cahyadin & Zulkefly Abdul Karim & Rozita Uji Mohammed, 2024. "Construction of Financial Inclusion Index for Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) in Malaysia," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 8(10), pages 2260-2272, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:8:y:2024:i:10:p:2260-2272
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-8-issue-10/2260-2272.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/articles/construction-of-financial-inclusion-index-for-micro-small-and-medium-sized-enterprises-msmes-in-malaysia/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Agyekum, Francis K. & Reddy, Krishna & Wallace, Damien & Wellalage, Nirosha H., 2022. "Does technological inclusion promote financial inclusion among SMEs? Evidence from South-East Asian (SEA) countries," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    2. Bu, Ya & Du, Xin & Wang, Yuting & Liu, Shuyu & Tang, Min & Li, Hui, 2024. "Digital inclusive finance: A lever for SME financing?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    3. Zhang, Xiaoyan & Li, Jinbao & Xiang, Dong & Worthington, Andrew C., 2023. "Digitalization, financial inclusion, and small and medium-sized enterprise financing: Evidence from China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    4. Ozili, Peterson K, 2023. "Institutional theory of financial inclusion," MPRA Paper 115770, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Ozili, Peterson K, 2020. "Theories of financial inclusion," MPRA Paper 101810, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Betgilu Oshora & Goshu Desalegn & Eva Gorgenyi-Hegyes & Maria Fekete-Farkas & Zoltan Zeman, 2021. "Determinants of Financial Inclusion in Small and Medium Enterprises: Evidence from Ethiopia," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-19, June.
    7. Damane, Moeti & Ho, Sin-Yu, 2024. "Effects of Financial Inclusion of Small and medium Sized Enterprises on Financial Stability: Evidence from SSA countries," MPRA Paper 121093, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Mandira Sarma, 2012. "Index of Financial Inclusion – A measure of financial sector inclusiveness," Competence Centre on Money, Trade, Finance and Development 1207, Hochschule fuer Technik und Wirtschaft, Berlin.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ozili, Peterson K, 2020. "Financial inclusion: a strong critique," MPRA Paper 101813, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Sabyasachi Tripathi & Meenakshi Rajeev, 2023. "Gender-Inclusive Development through Fintech: Studying Gender-Based Digital Financial Inclusion in a Cross-Country Setting," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-34, June.
    3. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Ni, Wenjie & Zhang, Xiaoming, 2023. "FinTech development and commercial bank efficiency in China," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    4. David Damiyano & Stephen Mago, 2023. "An Analysis of the Impact of Financial Inclusion on Poverty and Development: Case of SACU Countries," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 13(6), pages 141-147, November.
    5. Isaac Koomson & Abdallah Abdul-Mumuni & Anthony Abbam, 2021. "Effect of financial inclusion on out-of-pocket health expenditure: empirics from Ghana," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 22(9), pages 1411-1425, December.
    6. Suman Dahiya & Manoj Kumar, 2020. "Linkage between Financial Inclusion and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study of the Emerging Indian Economy," Vision, , vol. 24(2), pages 184-193, June.
    7. Archillies Kiwanuka & Athenia Bongani Sibindi, 2023. "Insurance Literacy: Significance of Its Dimensions for Insurance Inclusion in Uganda," Economies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-17, January.
    8. Jamil, Abd Rahim Md. & Law, Siong Hook & Mohamad Khair-Afham, M.S. & Trinugroho, Irwan, 2023. "Financial inclusion and economic uncertainty in developing countries: The role of digitalisation," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 786-806.
    9. Ralph Stephen Leyeza & Mikka Marielle Boado & Obed Butacan & Donn Enrique Moreno & Lourdes Deocariza, 2023. "The Role of Loan-Related Risk Appetite in the Relationship between Financial Risk Considerations and MSME Growth Decision: A Mediation Analysis," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-20, May.
    10. Damane, Moeti & Ho, Sin-Yu, 2024. "Effects of Financial Inclusion of Small and medium Sized Enterprises on Financial Stability: Evidence from SSA countries," MPRA Paper 121093, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Lu, Yao & Li, Lu & Zhan, Huanqi & Zhan, Minghua, 2024. "Fintech, information heterogeneity, and the regional distribution effects of corporate financing constraints," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    12. Shantanu Ghosh & Tarak Nath Sahu, 2021. "Financial inclusion and economic status of the states of India: An empirical evidence," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 50(2), July.
    13. Kais Tissaoui & Abdelaziz Hakimi & Taha Zaghdoudi, 2024. "Can financial inclusion enhance human development? Evidence from low- and middle-income countries," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-14, December.
    14. Damane, Moeti & Ho, Sin-Yu, 2024. "Effects of financial inclusion on financial stability: evidence from ssa countries," MPRA Paper 120238, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Bhanu Pratap Singh & Anup Kumar Yadava, 2022. "Technical efficiency of financial inclusion and human development: Insights from the Indian states," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 51(2), July.
    16. Shanika Thathsarani & Wei Jianguo & Mona Alariqi, 2023. "How Do Demand, Supply, and Institutional Factors Influence SME Financial Inclusion: A Developing Country Perspective," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(3), pages 21582440231, July.
    17. Collin Chikwira & Edson Vengesai & Petronella Mandude, 2022. "The Impact of Microfinance Institutions on Poverty Alleviation," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-13, September.
    18. Ha, Le Thanh, 2022. "Effects of digitalization on financialization: Empirical evidence from European countries," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    19. Barine Michael Nwidobie, 2019. "Financial Inclusion Index in Nigeria: An Exploratory Analysis," International Journal of Publication and Social Studies, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 4(1), pages 26-36, March.
    20. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Chen, Pei-Fen & Chu, Pin-Jie, 2023. "Green recovery through financial inclusion of mobile payment: A study of low- and middle-income Asian countries," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 729-747.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:8:y:2024:i:10:p:2260-2272. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Dr. Pawan Verma (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.