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Usage of formal financial services in India: Demand barriers or supply constraints?

Author

Listed:
  • Kumar, Abhishek
  • Pal, Rama
  • Pal, Rupayan

Abstract

Estimating the role of both demand-side and supply-side factors in financial inclusion and its distribution is important for policy making. However, existing literature has primarily focused on supply-side factors. In this context, this paper estimates relative importance of removing demand-side barriers and eliminating supply constraints to enhance financial inclusion in India. It also measures the extent of concentration of usage of formal financial services among richer households. Results suggest that, while availability of banking services has a significant positive effect on usage of formal financial services, its contribution in inducing households to use formal financial services is very small compared to the contribution of factors, such as education, income, employment status, gender and social norms, that influence the demand for formal financial services. It highlights the importance of placing greater emphasis on addressing demand-side barriers, rather than on improving physical availability of banking services, to promote financial inclusion in India.

Suggested Citation

  • Kumar, Abhishek & Pal, Rama & Pal, Rupayan, 2019. "Usage of formal financial services in India: Demand barriers or supply constraints?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 244-259.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecmode:v:80:y:2019:i:c:p:244-259
    DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2018.11.010
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Sandhya Garg & Samarth Gupta, 2021. "Financial Access and Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship and Employment: Evidence from Rural India," IEG Working Papers 442, Institute of Economic Growth.
    2. Betgilu Oshora & Goshu Desalegn & Eva Gorgenyi-Hegyes & Maria Fekete-Farkas & Zoltan Zeman, 2021. "Determinants of Financial Inclusion in Small and Medium Enterprises: Evidence from Ethiopia," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-19, June.
    3. Iddrisu, Abdul Malik & Danquah, Michael, 2024. "The financial inclusion agenda: Examining the role of conventional banks in deepening access to formal credit," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 48(2).
    4. Iddrisu, Abdul Malik & Danquah, Michael, 2024. "The financial inclusion agenda: Examining the role of conventional banks in deepening access to formal credit," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 48(2).
    5. Mohd Adnan & Jaidev Singh Negi & Rashika Kumari, 2023. "Investigating the Impact of ICT-Enabled Business Correspondent Model on Financial Inclusion," The Review of Finance and Banking, Academia de Studii Economice din Bucuresti, Romania / Facultatea de Finante, Asigurari, Banci si Burse de Valori / Catedra de Finante, vol. 15(2), pages 89-100, December.
    6. Ruibo Jiang & Wenjing Fan, 2022. "Inclusive finance and employment: Can financial development improve peasant's entrepreneurship?," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(3), pages 630-646, April.
    7. Mishra, Aswini Kumar & Bhardwaj, Vedant, 2022. "Financial access and household’s borrowing: Policy perspectives of an emerging economy," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 44(5), pages 981-999.
    8. Shanika Thathsarani & Wei Jianguo & Mona Alariqi, 2023. "How Do Demand, Supply, and Institutional Factors Influence SME Financial Inclusion: A Developing Country Perspective," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(3), pages 21582440231, July.
    9. Abdoulganiour Almame Tinta & Idrissa Mohamed Ouédraogo & Ramatu Mahama Al‐Hassan, 2022. "The micro determinants of financial inclusion and financial resilience in Africa," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 34(2), pages 293-306, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Financial inclusion; Income-related inequality; Demand-side barriers; Supply constraints; India;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O16 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance
    • O17 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
    • D39 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Other
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • O53 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Asia including Middle East

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