IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v21y2024i5p583-d1387713.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Changes in Sleep Duration and Sleep Timing in the General Population from before to during the First COVID-19 Lockdown: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Chiara Ceolin

    (Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 17165 Solna, Sweden
    These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.)

  • Federica Limongi

    (Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, National Research Council, 35128 Padova, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.)

  • Paola Siviero

    (Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, National Research Council, 35128 Padova, Italy)

  • Caterina Trevisan

    (Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 17165 Solna, Sweden
    Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy)

  • Marianna Noale

    (Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, National Research Council, 35128 Padova, Italy)

  • Filippo Catalani

    (Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy)

  • Silvia Conti

    (Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20054 Segrate, Italy
    Neuropsychology Lab, Centre for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy)

  • Elisa Di Rosa

    (Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy)

  • Elena Perdixi

    (Neuropsychology Lab, Centre for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
    Department of Neurology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy)

  • Francesca Remelli

    (Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy)

  • Federica Prinelli

    (Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20054 Segrate, Italy)

  • Stefania Maggi

    (Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, National Research Council, 35128 Padova, Italy)

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 lockdown had a profound effect on everyday life, including sleep health. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated changes in quantitative sleep parameters during the first lockdown compared with pre-lockdown in the general population. Methods: A search in scientific databases was performed to identify eligible observational studies from inception to 8 February 2023. We performed a random effects meta-analysis of those studies reporting (a) means of sleep duration, time in bed (TIB), and sleep timing (bedtime and wake-up time); (b) the percentages of atypical sleep duration before and during the lockdown; (c) the percentages of change in sleep duration and sleep timing. Results: A total of 154 studies were included. A small increase in sleep duration (0.25 standardized mean difference, 95% CI 0.180–0.315) was found, with 55.0% of the individuals reporting changes, predominantly an increase (35.2%). The pooled relative risk for sleeping more than 8/9 h per night was 3.31 (95% IC 2.60–4.21). There was a moderately significant delay in sleep timing and a surge in napping. Conclusion: An increase in sleep duration and napping, and delayed sleep timing were observed. High-quality studies should evaluate whether these parameters have now become chronic or have returned to pre-lockdown values.

Suggested Citation

  • Chiara Ceolin & Federica Limongi & Paola Siviero & Caterina Trevisan & Marianna Noale & Filippo Catalani & Silvia Conti & Elisa Di Rosa & Elena Perdixi & Francesca Remelli & Federica Prinelli & Stefan, 2024. "Changes in Sleep Duration and Sleep Timing in the General Population from before to during the First COVID-19 Lockdown: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(5), pages 1-45, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:5:p:583-:d:1387713
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/21/5/583/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/21/5/583/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lorenzo Viselli & Federico Salfi & Aurora D’Atri & Giulia Amicucci & Michele Ferrara, 2021. "Sleep Quality, Insomnia Symptoms, and Depressive Symptomatology among Italian University Students before and during the Covid-19 Lockdown," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Qi Zhu & Min Li & Yu Ji & Youpeng Shi & Jie Zhou & Qianyue Li & Ruoyu Qin & Xun Zhuang, 2021. "“Stay-at-Home” Lifestyle Effect on Weight Gain during the COVID-19 Outbreak Confinement in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-13, February.
    3. Raul Antunes & Roberta Frontini & Nuno Amaro & Rogério Salvador & Rui Matos & Pedro Morouço & Ricardo Rebelo-Gonçalves, 2020. "Exploring Lifestyle Habits, Physical Activity, Anxiety and Basic Psychological Needs in a Sample of Portuguese Adults during COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-13, June.
    4. Argyrios Eleftherios Barbouzas & Foteini Malli & Zoe Daniil & Konstantinos Gourgoulianis, 2022. "Long-Term Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Sleep Quality and Lifestyle in Young Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-16, September.
    5. Xiuqiang Wang & Si Man Lei & Shenglong Le & Yanxiang Yang & Boyi Zhang & Wu Yao & Zan Gao & Sulin Cheng, 2020. "Bidirectional Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns on Health Behaviors and Quality of Life among Chinese Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-17, August.
    6. Katarzyna Zatońska & Alicja Basiak-Rasała & Katarzyna Połtyn-Zaradna & Krystian Kinastowski & Andrzej Szuba, 2021. "Sleep Duration and Bedtime in the PURE Poland Cohort Study and the Link with Noncommunicable Diseases," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-11, December.
    7. Taqwa Bushnaq & Reham M. Algheshairy & Mona S. Almujaydil & Asma Al Malki & Hend F. Alharbi & Hassan Barakat, 2022. "Dietary Habits and Lifestyle Behaviors of Saudi Residents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-16, June.
    8. Hadia Radwan & Mahra Al Kitbi & Hayder Hasan & Marwa Al Hilali & Nada Abbas & Rena Hamadeh & Eman Rashid Saif & Farah Naja, 2021. "Indirect Health Effects of COVID-19: Unhealthy Lifestyle Behaviors during the Lockdown in the United Arab Emirates," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-22, February.
    9. Raffaella Cancello & Davide Soranna & Gaia Zambra & Antonella Zambon & Cecilia Invitti, 2020. "Determinants of the Lifestyle Changes during COVID-19 Pandemic in the Residents of Northern Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-14, August.
    10. Xanne Janssen & Leanne Fleming & Alison Kirk & Lesley Rollins & David Young & Madeleine Grealy & Bradley MacDonald & Paul Flowers & Lynn Williams, 2020. "Changes in Physical Activity, Sitting and Sleep across the COVID-19 National Lockdown Period in Scotland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-10, December.
    11. Elżbieta Szczepańska & Barbara Janota, 2022. "Lifestyle of Families with Children Aged 4–8 Years before and during Lockdown Due to COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-14, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Stefania Costi & Sara Paltrinieri & Barbara Bressi & Stefania Fugazzaro & Paolo Giorgi Rossi & Elisa Mazzini, 2021. "Poor Sleep during the First Peak of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-14, January.
    2. Raquel Lara & Martha Fernández-Daza & Sara Zabarain-Cogollo & María Angustias Olivencia-Carrión & Manuel Jiménez-Torres & María Demelza Olivencia-Carrión & Adelaida Ogallar-Blanco & Débora Godoy-Izqui, 2021. "Active Coping and Anxiety Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spanish Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-17, August.
    3. Teresa Rubio-Tomás & Maria Skouroliakou & Dimitrios Ntountaniotis, 2022. "Lockdown Due to COVID-19 and Its Consequences on Diet, Physical Activity, Lifestyle, and Other Aspects of Daily Life Worldwide: A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-41, June.
    4. Anna Mulasso & Margherita Micheletti Cremasco & Simone Cuomo & Andrea Testa & Lynda Stella Lattke & Aurelia De Lorenzo & Alberto Rainoldi & Emanuela Rabaglietti, 2023. "“Stay at Home” during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in an Italian Academic Community," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-13, January.
    5. Coralie Dumoulin & Nathalie Havet & Jean-Yves Lesueur, 2022. "Analyzing the Difficulties of Continuing Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Crisis in France," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-14, March.
    6. Kabir P. Sadarangani & Gabriela F. De Roia & Pablo Lobo & Robinson Chavez & Jacob Meyer & Carlos Cristi-Montero & David Martinez-Gomez & Gerson Ferrari & Felipe B. Schuch & Alejandro Gil-Salmerón & Ma, 2021. "Changes in Sitting Time, Screen Exposure and Physical Activity during COVID-19 Lockdown in South American Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-12, May.
    7. Adam Runacres & Kelly A. Mackintosh & Rachel L. Knight & Liba Sheeran & Rhys Thatcher & James Shelley & Melitta A. McNarry, 2021. "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sedentary Time and Behaviour in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-26, October.
    8. Zvjezdana Gvozdanović & Nikolina Farčić & Hrvoje Šimić & Vikica Buljanović & Lea Gvozdanović & Sven Katalinić & Stana Pačarić & Domagoj Gvozdanović & Željka Dujmić & Blaženka Miškić & Ivana Barać & Na, 2021. "The Impact of Education, COVID-19 and Risk Factors on the Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-14, February.
    9. Chen Liao & Liying Nong & Yu-Feng Wu & Yu-Tai Wu & Jian-Hong Ye, 2023. "The Relationships between University Students’ Physical Activity Needs, Involvement, Flow Experience and Sustainable Well-Being in the Post-Pandemic Era," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-17, May.
    10. Célia Landmann Szwarcwald & Deborah Carvalho Malta & Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros & Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Júnior & Dália Romero & Wanessa da Silva de Almeida & Giseli Nogueira Damacena & A, 2021. "Associations of Sociodemographic Factors and Health Behaviors with the Emotional Well-Being of Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-13, June.
    11. Theresa Maertl & Freia De Bock & Lena Huebl & Cornelia Oberhauser & Michaela Coenen & Caroline Jung-Sievers & on behalf of the COSMO Study Team, 2021. "Physical Activity during COVID-19 in German Adults: Analyses in the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring Study (COSMO)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-16, January.
    12. Yu Zhang & Jiayu Li & Xiaoping Jiang, 2022. "Household Physical Activity for Adults in the Context of the Pandemic: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-17, November.
    13. Victoria Blom & Amanda Lönn & Björn Ekblom & Lena V. Kallings & Daniel Väisänen & Erik Hemmingsson & Gunnar Andersson & Peter Wallin & Andreas Stenling & Örjan Ekblom & Magnus Lindwall & Jane Salier E, 2021. "Lifestyle Habits and Mental Health in Light of the Two COVID-19 Pandemic Waves in Sweden, 2020," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-19, March.
    14. Cunwei Yang & Weiqing Wang & Fengying Li & Degang Yang, 2022. "One-Size-Fits-All Policies Are Unacceptable: A Sustainable Management and Decision-Making Model for Schools in the Post-COVID-19 Era," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-21, May.
    15. Ilse Adriana Gutiérrez-Pérez & Pedro Delgado-Floody & Daniel Jerez-Mayorga & Diego Soto-García & Felipe Caamaño-Navarrete & Isela Parra-Rojas & Nacim Molina-Gutiérrez & Iris Paola Guzmán-Guzmán, 2021. "Lifestyle and Sociodemographic Parameters Associated with Mental and Physical Health during COVID-19 Confinement in Three Ibero-American Countries. A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-13, May.
    16. Agata Trzcionka & Marta Włodarczyk-Sielicka & Piotr Surmiak & Anna Szymańska & Artur Pohl & Marta Tanasiewicz, 2022. "Quality of Life Assessment in Students from Polish Universities during the COVID-19 Pandemic According to WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-10, July.
    17. Joey Talbot & Valérie Charron & Anne TM Konkle, 2021. "Feeling the Void: Lack of Support for Isolation and Sleep Difficulties in Pregnant Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic Revealed by Twitter Data Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-12, January.
    18. Jessica M. Yingst & Nicolle M. Krebs & Candace R. Bordner & Andrea L. Hobkirk & Sophia I. Allen & Jonathan Foulds, 2021. "Tobacco Use Changes and Perceived Health Risks among Current Tobacco Users during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-11, February.
    19. Sui Zhang & Minghao Wang & Zhao Yang & Baolei Zhang, 2021. "A Novel Predictor for Micro-Scale COVID-19 Risk Modeling: An Empirical Study from a Spatiotemporal Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-16, December.
    20. Dana Alonzo & Marciana Popescu, 2022. "A qualitative examination of the mental health impact of Covid-19 in marginalized communities in Guatemala: The Covid Care Calls survey," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 68(7), pages 1435-1444, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:5:p:583-:d:1387713. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.