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Changes in Sleep Duration and Sleep Timing in the General Population from before to during the First COVID-19 Lockdown: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

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  • Chiara Ceolin

    (Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 17165 Solna, Sweden
    These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.)

  • Federica Limongi

    (Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, National Research Council, 35128 Padova, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.)

  • Paola Siviero

    (Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, National Research Council, 35128 Padova, Italy)

  • Caterina Trevisan

    (Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 17165 Solna, Sweden
    Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy)

  • Marianna Noale

    (Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, National Research Council, 35128 Padova, Italy)

  • Filippo Catalani

    (Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy)

  • Silvia Conti

    (Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20054 Segrate, Italy
    Neuropsychology Lab, Centre for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy)

  • Elisa Di Rosa

    (Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy)

  • Elena Perdixi

    (Neuropsychology Lab, Centre for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
    Department of Neurology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy)

  • Francesca Remelli

    (Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy)

  • Federica Prinelli

    (Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20054 Segrate, Italy)

  • Stefania Maggi

    (Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, National Research Council, 35128 Padova, Italy)

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 lockdown had a profound effect on everyday life, including sleep health. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated changes in quantitative sleep parameters during the first lockdown compared with pre-lockdown in the general population. Methods: A search in scientific databases was performed to identify eligible observational studies from inception to 8 February 2023. We performed a random effects meta-analysis of those studies reporting (a) means of sleep duration, time in bed (TIB), and sleep timing (bedtime and wake-up time); (b) the percentages of atypical sleep duration before and during the lockdown; (c) the percentages of change in sleep duration and sleep timing. Results: A total of 154 studies were included. A small increase in sleep duration (0.25 standardized mean difference, 95% CI 0.180–0.315) was found, with 55.0% of the individuals reporting changes, predominantly an increase (35.2%). The pooled relative risk for sleeping more than 8/9 h per night was 3.31 (95% IC 2.60–4.21). There was a moderately significant delay in sleep timing and a surge in napping. Conclusion: An increase in sleep duration and napping, and delayed sleep timing were observed. High-quality studies should evaluate whether these parameters have now become chronic or have returned to pre-lockdown values.

Suggested Citation

  • Chiara Ceolin & Federica Limongi & Paola Siviero & Caterina Trevisan & Marianna Noale & Filippo Catalani & Silvia Conti & Elisa Di Rosa & Elena Perdixi & Francesca Remelli & Federica Prinelli & Stefan, 2024. "Changes in Sleep Duration and Sleep Timing in the General Population from before to during the First COVID-19 Lockdown: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(5), pages 1-45, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:5:p:583-:d:1387713
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    References listed on IDEAS

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