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Sex-Based Differences in Pulmonary Function and Cardiopulmonary Response 30 Months Post-COVID-19: A Brazilian Multicentric Study

Author

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  • Cássia da Luz Goulart

    (Physiological Science Department, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Brazil
    Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Av. Pedro Teixeira, N25-Bairro Dom Pedro, Manaus 69040-000, Brazil
    Research Group on Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation (GPRC), University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil)

  • Guilherme Peixoto Tinoco Arêas

    (Physiological Science Department, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Brazil)

  • Mauricio Milani

    (Research Group on Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation (GPRC), University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
    Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium)

  • Fernanda Facioli dos Reis Borges

    (Physiological Science Department, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Brazil
    Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Av. Pedro Teixeira, N25-Bairro Dom Pedro, Manaus 69040-000, Brazil)

  • Juliana Ribeiro Magalhães

    (Physiological Science Department, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Brazil)

  • Guilherme Dionir Back

    (Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil)

  • Audrey Borghi-Silva

    (Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil)

  • Luciano Fonseca Lemos Oliveira

    (Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil)

  • André Ribeiro de Paula

    (Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil)

  • Carolina Coimbra Marinho

    (Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil)

  • Déborah Pereira Prado

    (Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil)

  • Celso Nascimento de Almeida

    (Bahiana Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy Research Group, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health (EBMSP), Salvador 40290-000, Brazil)

  • Cristiane Maria Carvalho Costa Dias

    (Bahiana Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy Research Group, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health (EBMSP), Salvador 40290-000, Brazil)

  • Vinícius Afonso Gomes

    (Bahiana Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy Research Group, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health (EBMSP), Salvador 40290-000, Brazil)

  • Luiz Eduardo Fonteles Ritt

    (Bahiana Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy Research Group, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health (EBMSP), Salvador 40290-000, Brazil)

  • Leandro Tolfo Franzoni

    (Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, Brazil)

  • Ricardo Stein

    (Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, Brazil)

  • Mansueto Gomes Neto

    (Physiotherapy Research Group, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Brazil)

  • Gerson Cipriano Junior

    (Research Group on Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation (GPRC), University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil)

  • Fernando Almeida-Val

    (Physiological Science Department, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Brazil
    Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Av. Pedro Teixeira, N25-Bairro Dom Pedro, Manaus 69040-000, Brazil)

Abstract

Aim : (I) to verify if there are sex differences in respiratory function, respiratory muscle strength, and effort limitation in individuals recovered from severe acute COVID-19 30 months after the initial infection, and (II) to evaluate the influence of length of stay on cardiorespiratory capacity among men and women. Methods : Cross-sectional observational multicentric study with participants from five Brazilian states (São Paulo, Amazonas, Minas Gerais, Bahia, and Brasília). We assessed lung function and respiratory muscle strength by maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), and cardiorespiratory fitness by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Results : 86 individuals were stratified by sex (48 women and 38 men). Females had significantly longer hospitalization for acute COVID-19 ( p < 0.05) and showed a marked reduction in MIP (cmH 2 O and % predicted). Regarding the CPET, women presented lower V ˙ O 2 % predicted, O 2 pulse, and oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES, % predicted) ( p < 0.05). In addition, women also had greater abnormal combinations between RER < 1.10, OUES < 80% predicted, VE/VVM < 15% [3 (6.2%)] and V ˙ O 2 % predicted < 80%, V ˙ E/ V ˙ CO 2 slope and V ˙ O 2 /workload < 8.4 mL/min/W [8 (17%)]. The regression analysis showed a significant influence of age, length of hospitalization (< and >10 days), and FEV 1 /FVC (%) on the V ˙ O 2 peak (mL·kg −1 ·min −1 ). Secondarily, we found that women hospitalized for more than 10 days had worse O 2 pulse ( p = 0.03), OUES % predicted ( p < 0.001), and worse V ˙ O 2 % predicted ( p < 0.009). Conclusion : Women exhibited more pronounced impairments in several key indicators of cardiopulmonary function 30 months post-infection.

Suggested Citation

  • Cássia da Luz Goulart & Guilherme Peixoto Tinoco Arêas & Mauricio Milani & Fernanda Facioli dos Reis Borges & Juliana Ribeiro Magalhães & Guilherme Dionir Back & Audrey Borghi-Silva & Luciano Fonseca , 2024. "Sex-Based Differences in Pulmonary Function and Cardiopulmonary Response 30 Months Post-COVID-19: A Brazilian Multicentric Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(10), pages 1-10, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:10:p:1293-:d:1487470
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Takehiro Takahashi & Mallory K. Ellingson & Patrick Wong & Benjamin Israelow & Carolina Lucas & Jon Klein & Julio Silva & Tianyang Mao & Ji Eun Oh & Maria Tokuyama & Peiwen Lu & Arvind Venkataraman & , 2020. "Sex differences in immune responses that underlie COVID-19 disease outcomes," Nature, Nature, vol. 588(7837), pages 315-320, December.
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