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Bacterial Coinfections Increase Mortality of Severely Ill COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia

Author

Listed:
  • Abdulaziz Alqahtani

    (Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia)

  • Edrous Alamer

    (Emerging and Epidemic Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mushtaq Mir

    (Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ali Alasmari

    (Asir Central Hospital, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mohammed Merae Alshahrani

    (Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mohammed Asiri

    (Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia)

  • Irfan Ahmad

    (Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia)

  • Abdulaziz Alhazmi

    (Emerging and Epidemic Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
    Microbiology and Parasitology Department, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia)

  • Abdullah Algaissi

    (Emerging and Epidemic Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is an ongoing global pandemic that is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The severity and mortality rates of COVID-19 are affected by several factors, such as respiratory diseases, diabetes, and hypertension. Bacterial coinfections are another factor that could contribute to the severity of COVID-19. Limited studies have investigated morbidity and mortality due to microbial coinfections in COVID-19 patients. Here, we retrospectively studied the effects of bacterial coinfections on intensive care unit (ICU)-admitted patients with COVID-19 in Asir province, Saudi Arabia. We analyzed electronic medical records of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at Asir Central Hospital. A total of 34 patients were included, and the clinical data of 16 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 only and 18 patients coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial infections were analyzed in our study. Our data showed that the length of stay at the hospital for patients infected with both SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial infection was 35.2 days, compared to 16.2 days for patients infected with only SARS-CoV-2 ( p = 0.0001). In addition, higher mortality rates were associated with patients in the coinfection group compared to the SARS-CoV-2-only infected group (50% vs. 18.7%, respectively). The study also showed that gram-negative bacteria are the most commonly isolated bacteria in COVID-19 patients. To conclude, this study found that individuals with COVID-19 who presented with bacterial infections are at higher risk for a longer stay at the hospital and potentially death. Further studies with a larger population are warranted to better understand the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 with bacterial infections.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdulaziz Alqahtani & Edrous Alamer & Mushtaq Mir & Ali Alasmari & Mohammed Merae Alshahrani & Mohammed Asiri & Irfan Ahmad & Abdulaziz Alhazmi & Abdullah Algaissi, 2022. "Bacterial Coinfections Increase Mortality of Severely Ill COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-11, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:4:p:2424-:d:753568
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    1. Takehiro Takahashi & Mallory K. Ellingson & Patrick Wong & Benjamin Israelow & Carolina Lucas & Jon Klein & Julio Silva & Tianyang Mao & Ji Eun Oh & Maria Tokuyama & Peiwen Lu & Arvind Venkataraman & , 2020. "Sex differences in immune responses that underlie COVID-19 disease outcomes," Nature, Nature, vol. 588(7837), pages 315-320, December.
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    1. Iulia Făgărășan & Adriana Rusu & Maria Cristea & Cornelia-Gabriela Bala & Damiana-Maria Vulturar & Ciprian Cristea & Doina-Adina Todea, 2022. "Predictors of New-Onset Diabetes in Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-14, October.
    2. Kamaleldin B. Said & Ahmed Alsolami & Safia Moussa & Fayez Alfouzan & Abdelhafiz I. Bashir & Musleh Rashidi & Rana Aborans & Taha E. Taha & Husam Almansour & Mashari Alazmi & Amal Al-Otaibi & Luluh Al, 2022. "COVID-19 Clinical Profiles and Fatality Rates in Hospitalized Patients Reveal Case Aggravation and Selective Co-Infection by Limited Gram-Negative Bacteria," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-16, April.

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