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Exploring and Mapping Screening Tools for Cognitive Impairment and Traumatic Brain Injury in the Homelessness Context: A Scoping Review

Author

Listed:
  • Erin M. Fearn-Smith

    (Faculty of Medicine and Health, Centre for Disability Research and Policy, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia)

  • Justin Newton Scanlan

    (Faculty of Medicine and Health, Centre for Disability Research and Policy, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia)

  • Nicola Hancock

    (Faculty of Medicine and Health, Centre for Disability Research and Policy, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia)

Abstract

Cognitive impairment is common amongst people experiencing homelessness, yet cognitive screening and the collection of history of brain injury rarely features in homelessness service delivery practice. The purpose of this research was to scope and map strategies for screening for the potential presence of cognitive impairment or brain injury amongst people experiencing homelessness and identify instruments that could be administered by homelessness service staff to facilitate referral for formal diagnosis and appropriate support. A search was conducted across five databases, followed by a hand search from relevant systematic reviews. A total of 108 publications were included for analysis. Described in the literature were 151 instruments for measuring cognitive function and 8 instruments screening for history of brain injury. Tools that were described in more than two publications, screening for the potential presence of cognitive impairment or history of brain injury, were included for analysis. Of those regularly described, only three instruments measuring cognitive function and three measuring history of brain injury (all of which focused on traumatic brain injury (TBI)) may be administered by non-specialist assessors. The Trail Making Test (TMT) and the Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification Method (OSU TBI-ID) are both potentially viable tools for supporting the identification of a likely cognitive impairment or TBI history in the homelessness service context. Further population-specific research and implementation science research is required to maximise the potential for practice application success.

Suggested Citation

  • Erin M. Fearn-Smith & Justin Newton Scanlan & Nicola Hancock, 2023. "Exploring and Mapping Screening Tools for Cognitive Impairment and Traumatic Brain Injury in the Homelessness Context: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-52, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:4:p:3440-:d:1069768
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mackelprang, J.L. & Harpin, S.B. & Grubenhoff, J.A. & Rivara, F.P., 2014. "Adverse outcomes among Homeless Adolescents and young adults who report a history of traumatic brain injury," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 104(10), pages 1986-1992.
    2. Keuntae Kim & Ivis Garcia, 2019. "Why Do Homeless Families Exit and Return the Homeless Shelter? Factors Affecting the Risk of Family Homelessness in Salt Lake County (Utah, United States) as a Case Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-23, November.
    3. Russell, L.M. & Devore, M.D. & Barnes, S.M. & Forster, J.E. & Hostetter, T.A. & Montgomery, A.E. & Casey, R. & Kane, V. & Brenner, L.A., 2013. "Challenges associated with screening for traumatic brain injury among US veterans seeking homeless services," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(S2), pages 211-213.
    4. Kushel, M.B. & Perry, S. & Bangsberg, D. & Clark, R. & Moss, A.R., 2002. "Emergency department use among the homeless and marginally housed: Results from a community-based study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 92(5), pages 778-784.
    5. Feng-Hang Chang & Christine A. Helfrich & Wendy J. Coster & E. Sally Rogers, 2015. "Factors Associated with Community Participation among Individuals Who Have Experienced Homelessness," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-15, September.
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